The study by Elana Meer, Seanna R. Grob, Kris Lehnhardt, and Aenor Sawyer examines ocular complaints and diagnoses in spaceflight, focusing on missions from the International Space Station (ISS) and Space Shuttle (STS) programs. The NASA Human System Risk Board (HSRB) has traditionally emphasized trauma and acute medical illnesses, but ocular issues have received less attention. This retrospective analysis of data from the Life Sciences Data Archive (LSDA) and the Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) identified 135 STS missions and 63 ISS missions, with ocular events noted in 83 STS missions (61.5%) and 41 ISS missions (65.1%). Common ocular complaints included eye irritation (33.1%), ocular foreign body or foreign body sensation (22.7%), dry eye syndromes (15.7%), and epiphora or excessive tearing (7.85%). Nine cases (3.72%) were considered severe, but none required mission evacuation. The study highlights the need for a more comprehensive and standardized classification system for ocular symptoms and diagnoses in spaceflight to improve treatment effectiveness. The most common causes of ocular complaints included particulates, sweat, irritants in spacesuits, higher carbon dioxide levels, and food particles. Common treatments included artificial tears and saline rinses. The study also noted that certain conditions, such as keratitis and eyelid lacerations, were more prevalent on longer missions, though the sample size limited statistical analysis. The authors suggest that further research is needed to develop more effective treatments and management protocols for ocular conditions in space.The study by Elana Meer, Seanna R. Grob, Kris Lehnhardt, and Aenor Sawyer examines ocular complaints and diagnoses in spaceflight, focusing on missions from the International Space Station (ISS) and Space Shuttle (STS) programs. The NASA Human System Risk Board (HSRB) has traditionally emphasized trauma and acute medical illnesses, but ocular issues have received less attention. This retrospective analysis of data from the Life Sciences Data Archive (LSDA) and the Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) identified 135 STS missions and 63 ISS missions, with ocular events noted in 83 STS missions (61.5%) and 41 ISS missions (65.1%). Common ocular complaints included eye irritation (33.1%), ocular foreign body or foreign body sensation (22.7%), dry eye syndromes (15.7%), and epiphora or excessive tearing (7.85%). Nine cases (3.72%) were considered severe, but none required mission evacuation. The study highlights the need for a more comprehensive and standardized classification system for ocular symptoms and diagnoses in spaceflight to improve treatment effectiveness. The most common causes of ocular complaints included particulates, sweat, irritants in spacesuits, higher carbon dioxide levels, and food particles. Common treatments included artificial tears and saline rinses. The study also noted that certain conditions, such as keratitis and eyelid lacerations, were more prevalent on longer missions, though the sample size limited statistical analysis. The authors suggest that further research is needed to develop more effective treatments and management protocols for ocular conditions in space.