This paper provides a comprehensive review of oil spill response strategies in the United States and Nigeria, comparing their effectiveness, challenges, and policy frameworks. The United States is characterized by a robust, technologically advanced, and well-coordinated response strategy, supported by stringent regulatory frameworks and significant investment in research and development. This comprehensive approach facilitates rapid containment and mitigation of spills, minimizing environmental and socio-economic impacts. In contrast, Nigeria faces several challenges, including regulatory loopholes, inadequate enforcement, insufficient technological resources, and a lack of preparedness, which exacerbate the environmental and human toll of oil spills. Key findings highlight the importance of governance, technological readiness, and stakeholder collaboration in effective oil spill response strategies. The comparative analysis reveals critical gaps in Nigeria's response framework and suggests areas for improvement, such as strengthening legislation, enhancing technological capacity, and fostering international collaboration. The paper concludes by emphasizing the necessity for policy reforms and strategic investments in Nigeria to enhance its oil spill response capabilities, drawing insights from the U.S. experience to advocate for a holistic approach that integrates advanced technologies, effective governance, and community engagement. This review contributes to the ongoing discourse on environmental management, offering a foundation for future research and policy development aimed at improving global oil spill response strategies.This paper provides a comprehensive review of oil spill response strategies in the United States and Nigeria, comparing their effectiveness, challenges, and policy frameworks. The United States is characterized by a robust, technologically advanced, and well-coordinated response strategy, supported by stringent regulatory frameworks and significant investment in research and development. This comprehensive approach facilitates rapid containment and mitigation of spills, minimizing environmental and socio-economic impacts. In contrast, Nigeria faces several challenges, including regulatory loopholes, inadequate enforcement, insufficient technological resources, and a lack of preparedness, which exacerbate the environmental and human toll of oil spills. Key findings highlight the importance of governance, technological readiness, and stakeholder collaboration in effective oil spill response strategies. The comparative analysis reveals critical gaps in Nigeria's response framework and suggests areas for improvement, such as strengthening legislation, enhancing technological capacity, and fostering international collaboration. The paper concludes by emphasizing the necessity for policy reforms and strategic investments in Nigeria to enhance its oil spill response capabilities, drawing insights from the U.S. experience to advocate for a holistic approach that integrates advanced technologies, effective governance, and community engagement. This review contributes to the ongoing discourse on environmental management, offering a foundation for future research and policy development aimed at improving global oil spill response strategies.