Caspases are proteases primarily known for their role in apoptosis, but they also exhibit multiple functions beyond apoptosis. Caspase-1 and caspase-11 play roles in inflammation and pyroptosis, while caspase-8 mediates both receptor-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis. Caspase-3 is involved in tissue differentiation, regeneration, and neural development. Other caspases, such as caspase-2, -8, and -14, have anti-tumor roles, but increased expression of these caspases can promote tumorigenesis. Caspase-2 has emerged as a unique caspase with potential roles in maintaining genomic stability, metabolism, autophagy, and aging. The review focuses on less studied and emerging functions of mammalian caspases, including their roles in non-apoptotic cell death, inflammation, immunity, cell fate determination, differentiation, tissue regeneration, and tumorogenesis. It also discusses the connection between caspase activation and aging, highlighting the complex interplay between caspases and aging-related processes.Caspases are proteases primarily known for their role in apoptosis, but they also exhibit multiple functions beyond apoptosis. Caspase-1 and caspase-11 play roles in inflammation and pyroptosis, while caspase-8 mediates both receptor-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis. Caspase-3 is involved in tissue differentiation, regeneration, and neural development. Other caspases, such as caspase-2, -8, and -14, have anti-tumor roles, but increased expression of these caspases can promote tumorigenesis. Caspase-2 has emerged as a unique caspase with potential roles in maintaining genomic stability, metabolism, autophagy, and aging. The review focuses on less studied and emerging functions of mammalian caspases, including their roles in non-apoptotic cell death, inflammation, immunity, cell fate determination, differentiation, tissue regeneration, and tumorogenesis. It also discusses the connection between caspase activation and aging, highlighting the complex interplay between caspases and aging-related processes.