This review article by Afagh Rastmanesh, Jayanta S. Boruah, Min-Seok Lee, and Seungkyung Park from the Complex Fluids Laboratory at Korea University of Technology and Education provides an overview of current bioaerosol sampling methods and their applications in rapid on-site monitoring. Bioaerosols, which include various microorganisms and particles, pose significant health risks such as allergic reactions, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. The authors discuss both passive and active sampling methods, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Passive sampling methods, such as settling agar plates and electrostatic samplers, are portable, inexpensive, and do not require active pumps or complex equipment. Electrostatic samplers, in particular, have gained attention due to their lower impaction stress, pressure drops, and power consumption, making them less damaging to microorganisms. However, they have limited commercial availability and low collection efficiency at high flow rates. Active sampling methods, including impactors, cyclones, impingers, and filtration, are used to quantify bioaerosol concentrations. Impactors, the most commonly used method, utilize inertial forces to collect particles, while cyclones use centrifugal force. Impingers collect particles in liquid media, and filtration involves passing air through porous membrane filters. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses, with impactors and cyclones being more suitable for viable microorganism collection due to their higher collection efficiency and less impact on particle viability. The article also discusses the challenges and trends in detecting airborne microorganisms using molecular and immunological methods, emphasizing the need for effective sampling and detection technologies. It concludes with a summary and outlook on the development of prompt monitoring technologies, highlighting the importance of standard and field-applicable strategies for on-site bioaerosol monitoring.This review article by Afagh Rastmanesh, Jayanta S. Boruah, Min-Seok Lee, and Seungkyung Park from the Complex Fluids Laboratory at Korea University of Technology and Education provides an overview of current bioaerosol sampling methods and their applications in rapid on-site monitoring. Bioaerosols, which include various microorganisms and particles, pose significant health risks such as allergic reactions, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. The authors discuss both passive and active sampling methods, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Passive sampling methods, such as settling agar plates and electrostatic samplers, are portable, inexpensive, and do not require active pumps or complex equipment. Electrostatic samplers, in particular, have gained attention due to their lower impaction stress, pressure drops, and power consumption, making them less damaging to microorganisms. However, they have limited commercial availability and low collection efficiency at high flow rates. Active sampling methods, including impactors, cyclones, impingers, and filtration, are used to quantify bioaerosol concentrations. Impactors, the most commonly used method, utilize inertial forces to collect particles, while cyclones use centrifugal force. Impingers collect particles in liquid media, and filtration involves passing air through porous membrane filters. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses, with impactors and cyclones being more suitable for viable microorganism collection due to their higher collection efficiency and less impact on particle viability. The article also discusses the challenges and trends in detecting airborne microorganisms using molecular and immunological methods, emphasizing the need for effective sampling and detection technologies. It concludes with a summary and outlook on the development of prompt monitoring technologies, highlighting the importance of standard and field-applicable strategies for on-site bioaerosol monitoring.