This paper critically evaluates methods for measuring health inequalities, concluding that only two measures—the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index—accurately reflect socioeconomic health inequalities. Other measures like the range, Lorenz curve, and index of dissimilarity are criticized for their limitations in capturing the socioeconomic dimension of health disparities. The SII and concentration index are highlighted as the most reliable, as they account for the distribution of the population across socioeconomic groups and reflect the socioeconomic gradient in health outcomes. The paper provides empirical examples illustrating the importance of using these measures in comparative studies of health inequalities. It also discusses the use of concentration curves to analyze trends in morbidity and mortality across countries and time periods, showing how they provide a more accurate picture of health inequalities than other measures. The paper concludes that the concentration index and SII are the most suitable measures for assessing health inequalities, as they are sensitive to changes in the distribution of the population across socioeconomic groups and reflect the socioeconomic dimension of health disparities.This paper critically evaluates methods for measuring health inequalities, concluding that only two measures—the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index—accurately reflect socioeconomic health inequalities. Other measures like the range, Lorenz curve, and index of dissimilarity are criticized for their limitations in capturing the socioeconomic dimension of health disparities. The SII and concentration index are highlighted as the most reliable, as they account for the distribution of the population across socioeconomic groups and reflect the socioeconomic gradient in health outcomes. The paper provides empirical examples illustrating the importance of using these measures in comparative studies of health inequalities. It also discusses the use of concentration curves to analyze trends in morbidity and mortality across countries and time periods, showing how they provide a more accurate picture of health inequalities than other measures. The paper concludes that the concentration index and SII are the most suitable measures for assessing health inequalities, as they are sensitive to changes in the distribution of the population across socioeconomic groups and reflect the socioeconomic dimension of health disparities.