July 15, 2024 | Riccardo Argurio, Francesco Benini, Matteo Bertolini, Giovanni Galati and Pierluigi Niro
The paper explores the symmetry topological field theory (Symmetry TFT) of three-dimensional Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons (YM-CS) theories, focusing on the peculiar property that their one-form symmetry defects have nontrivial braiding, meaning they are charged under the same symmetry they generate, which is then anomalous. This poses puzzles in describing the corresponding Symmetry TFT in a four-dimensional bulk. The first puzzle is that the braiding between lines at the boundary seems ill-defined when such lines are pulled into the bulk. The second puzzle is that the Symmetry TFT appears too trivial to allow for topological boundary conditions encoding all the different global variants. The authors show that both puzzles can be resolved by including endable (tubular) surfaces in the class of bulk topological operators. This allows for the reproduction of all global variants of the theory, with their symmetries and anomalies. The validity of this proposal is checked against a top-down holographic realization of the same class of theories.
The Symmetry TFT is a full-fledged TQFT that encodes all RG-invariant data related to the symmetry of a QFT, including the structure of the symmetry, its representations, 't Hooft anomalies, the set of global variants of the QFT obtained by topologically gauging subsets of the symmetry, and the classification of possible gapped phases. The Symmetry TFT is constructed by coupling the d-dimensional boundary theory to a background gauge field with a (d+1)-dimensional anomaly inflow action and making the background field dynamical. This results in a four-dimensional Symmetry TFT that describes all global variants and topological manipulations of YM-CS theory with gauge algebra su(N) and level k. The authors show that this TFT can be described by a Dijkgraaf-Witten theory with twist ℓ, which admits a description in terms of U(1) one-form and two-form gauge fields C and B, respectively, with Euclidean action.
The paper also discusses the holographic realization of the Symmetry TFT in type IIB string theory. The holographic model is based on a system of D3/D7-branes in type IIB string theory compactified on a supersymmetry-breaking circle. The topological sector of this model is extracted and shown to agree with the Symmetry TFT proposed in the previous section. The symmetry defects and charged operators associated with the 1-form symmetry of SU(N)k YM-CS theory are described in terms of string states (D-branes, fundamental strings, and bound states thereof), and their (non-)topological nature and braiding properties are shown to behave as expected. The paper concludes that the holographic model is indeed in the same universality class as three-dimensional YM-CS theory.The paper explores the symmetry topological field theory (Symmetry TFT) of three-dimensional Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons (YM-CS) theories, focusing on the peculiar property that their one-form symmetry defects have nontrivial braiding, meaning they are charged under the same symmetry they generate, which is then anomalous. This poses puzzles in describing the corresponding Symmetry TFT in a four-dimensional bulk. The first puzzle is that the braiding between lines at the boundary seems ill-defined when such lines are pulled into the bulk. The second puzzle is that the Symmetry TFT appears too trivial to allow for topological boundary conditions encoding all the different global variants. The authors show that both puzzles can be resolved by including endable (tubular) surfaces in the class of bulk topological operators. This allows for the reproduction of all global variants of the theory, with their symmetries and anomalies. The validity of this proposal is checked against a top-down holographic realization of the same class of theories.
The Symmetry TFT is a full-fledged TQFT that encodes all RG-invariant data related to the symmetry of a QFT, including the structure of the symmetry, its representations, 't Hooft anomalies, the set of global variants of the QFT obtained by topologically gauging subsets of the symmetry, and the classification of possible gapped phases. The Symmetry TFT is constructed by coupling the d-dimensional boundary theory to a background gauge field with a (d+1)-dimensional anomaly inflow action and making the background field dynamical. This results in a four-dimensional Symmetry TFT that describes all global variants and topological manipulations of YM-CS theory with gauge algebra su(N) and level k. The authors show that this TFT can be described by a Dijkgraaf-Witten theory with twist ℓ, which admits a description in terms of U(1) one-form and two-form gauge fields C and B, respectively, with Euclidean action.
The paper also discusses the holographic realization of the Symmetry TFT in type IIB string theory. The holographic model is based on a system of D3/D7-branes in type IIB string theory compactified on a supersymmetry-breaking circle. The topological sector of this model is extracted and shown to agree with the Symmetry TFT proposed in the previous section. The symmetry defects and charged operators associated with the 1-form symmetry of SU(N)k YM-CS theory are described in terms of string states (D-branes, fundamental strings, and bound states thereof), and their (non-)topological nature and braiding properties are shown to behave as expected. The paper concludes that the holographic model is indeed in the same universality class as three-dimensional YM-CS theory.