This review provides a comprehensive overview of one-dimensional titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes and their arrays, focusing on their synthesis techniques, properties, and applications. TiO₂ nanotubes have gained significant attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, particularly in solar cells and photocatalysis. The synthesis methods discussed include template-assisted, hydrothermal, and anodic self-organization approaches. Template-assisted methods use high aspect-ratio molecules, molecular rod-like assemblies, or defined nanostructures as templates, while hydrothermal methods involve heating titanium oxide precursors in alkaline solutions. Anodic self-organization, particularly in fluoride electrolytes, is a simple and cost-effective method for producing well-ordered nanotube arrays. The review also covers the electrochemical aspects of anodic growth, the factors influencing the morphology of anodic films, and advanced morphologies such as bamboo and branched stacks. Additionally, it discusses the modification techniques for enhancing the properties of TiO₂ nanotubes, including doping, conversion, and decoration. Finally, the review highlights various applications of TiO₂ nanotubes, including solar cells, photocatalysis, ion-intercalation devices, sensors, memristive behavior, supercapacitors, and biomedical applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of one-dimensional titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes and their arrays, focusing on their synthesis techniques, properties, and applications. TiO₂ nanotubes have gained significant attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, particularly in solar cells and photocatalysis. The synthesis methods discussed include template-assisted, hydrothermal, and anodic self-organization approaches. Template-assisted methods use high aspect-ratio molecules, molecular rod-like assemblies, or defined nanostructures as templates, while hydrothermal methods involve heating titanium oxide precursors in alkaline solutions. Anodic self-organization, particularly in fluoride electrolytes, is a simple and cost-effective method for producing well-ordered nanotube arrays. The review also covers the electrochemical aspects of anodic growth, the factors influencing the morphology of anodic films, and advanced morphologies such as bamboo and branched stacks. Additionally, it discusses the modification techniques for enhancing the properties of TiO₂ nanotubes, including doping, conversion, and decoration. Finally, the review highlights various applications of TiO₂ nanotubes, including solar cells, photocatalysis, ion-intercalation devices, sensors, memristive behavior, supercapacitors, and biomedical applications.