Innate immune recognition and activation during HIV infection Trine H Mogensen, Jesper Melchjorsen, Carsten S Larsen, and Søren R Paludan review the role of the innate immune system in HIV pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of HIV infection remains incompletely understood, with the innate and adaptive immune responses being insufficient to eliminate the virus. The innate immune system plays an important role in HIV pathogenesis, and recent studies have shown that innate immune recognition and activation are critical in the development of immunodeficiency. The review discusses the mechanisms of innate immune recognition and activation during HIV infection, based on studies in cell culture, non-human primates, and HIV-infected individuals. It highlights the role of the innate immune system in the early stages of HIV infection, including the recruitment of granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, and the spread of the virus to activated T cells. The review also discusses the role of the innate immune system in chronic HIV infection, including the persistent immune activation and the impact on CD4+ T cell depletion. The review concludes that the innate immune system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection, and that understanding the mechanisms of innate immune recognition and activation is essential for developing effective treatments.Innate immune recognition and activation during HIV infection Trine H Mogensen, Jesper Melchjorsen, Carsten S Larsen, and Søren R Paludan review the role of the innate immune system in HIV pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of HIV infection remains incompletely understood, with the innate and adaptive immune responses being insufficient to eliminate the virus. The innate immune system plays an important role in HIV pathogenesis, and recent studies have shown that innate immune recognition and activation are critical in the development of immunodeficiency. The review discusses the mechanisms of innate immune recognition and activation during HIV infection, based on studies in cell culture, non-human primates, and HIV-infected individuals. It highlights the role of the innate immune system in the early stages of HIV infection, including the recruitment of granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, and the spread of the virus to activated T cells. The review also discusses the role of the innate immune system in chronic HIV infection, including the persistent immune activation and the impact on CD4+ T cell depletion. The review concludes that the innate immune system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection, and that understanding the mechanisms of innate immune recognition and activation is essential for developing effective treatments.