This systematic review examines the impact of operating room organization on surgical performance and patient outcomes. The study analyzed 76 studies published between 2000 and 2019, focusing on five organizational factors: team composition, team stability, teamwork, work scheduling, and disturbing elements. Three surgical outcomes were evaluated: operative time, surgical safety, and economic resource consumption. The findings indicate that specialized and stable surgical teams in dedicated operating rooms improve outcomes. Effective teamwork reduces operative time and surgical complications, while poor teamwork increases morbidity and costs. Disturbances and communication failures in the operating room negatively affect operative time and surgical safety. The study also found that involving surgical residents can lead to longer operative times and higher complication rates. However, some studies suggest that resident involvement may have a positive impact on certain outcomes. The review highlights the importance of optimizing team coordination, scheduling, and minimizing disruptions to enhance surgical performance. Despite the limited number of high-quality studies, the review emphasizes the need for further research on organizational factors influencing surgical outcomes. The study concludes that operating room organization significantly affects patient outcomes and that further research is needed to better understand the role of these factors in surgical performance.This systematic review examines the impact of operating room organization on surgical performance and patient outcomes. The study analyzed 76 studies published between 2000 and 2019, focusing on five organizational factors: team composition, team stability, teamwork, work scheduling, and disturbing elements. Three surgical outcomes were evaluated: operative time, surgical safety, and economic resource consumption. The findings indicate that specialized and stable surgical teams in dedicated operating rooms improve outcomes. Effective teamwork reduces operative time and surgical complications, while poor teamwork increases morbidity and costs. Disturbances and communication failures in the operating room negatively affect operative time and surgical safety. The study also found that involving surgical residents can lead to longer operative times and higher complication rates. However, some studies suggest that resident involvement may have a positive impact on certain outcomes. The review highlights the importance of optimizing team coordination, scheduling, and minimizing disruptions to enhance surgical performance. Despite the limited number of high-quality studies, the review emphasizes the need for further research on organizational factors influencing surgical outcomes. The study concludes that operating room organization significantly affects patient outcomes and that further research is needed to better understand the role of these factors in surgical performance.