This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on operating room planning and scheduling. The authors evaluate the literature across multiple fields related to the problem setting (e.g., performance measures or patient classes) and technical features (e.g., solution techniques or uncertainty incorporation). The review aims to identify significant trends and areas needing further research. The paper is structured into nine sections, each focusing on different aspects of operating room planning and scheduling, such as patient characteristics, performance measures, decision levels, types of analysis, solution techniques, uncertainty, and applicability of research. The authors searched various databases and identified 246 relevant manuscripts, focusing on those published after 2000. The review highlights the importance of operating room planning and scheduling in improving hospital efficiency and patient satisfaction. It discusses various performance criteria, including waiting time, utilization, makespan, and financial value. The paper also addresses different decision levels, such as discipline, surgeon, and patient levels, and explores various solution techniques, including mathematical programming, simulation, and heuristic methods. The review emphasizes the impact of uncertainty in surgical services and the need for robust planning and scheduling strategies. It also discusses the applicability of research in real-world settings and the challenges in implementing these strategies in practice. The authors conclude that most recent research focuses on elective patient planning and scheduling, with a strong emphasis on resource utilization and waiting time. The review identifies key trends and areas for future research in operating room planning and scheduling.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on operating room planning and scheduling. The authors evaluate the literature across multiple fields related to the problem setting (e.g., performance measures or patient classes) and technical features (e.g., solution techniques or uncertainty incorporation). The review aims to identify significant trends and areas needing further research. The paper is structured into nine sections, each focusing on different aspects of operating room planning and scheduling, such as patient characteristics, performance measures, decision levels, types of analysis, solution techniques, uncertainty, and applicability of research. The authors searched various databases and identified 246 relevant manuscripts, focusing on those published after 2000. The review highlights the importance of operating room planning and scheduling in improving hospital efficiency and patient satisfaction. It discusses various performance criteria, including waiting time, utilization, makespan, and financial value. The paper also addresses different decision levels, such as discipline, surgeon, and patient levels, and explores various solution techniques, including mathematical programming, simulation, and heuristic methods. The review emphasizes the impact of uncertainty in surgical services and the need for robust planning and scheduling strategies. It also discusses the applicability of research in real-world settings and the challenges in implementing these strategies in practice. The authors conclude that most recent research focuses on elective patient planning and scheduling, with a strong emphasis on resource utilization and waiting time. The review identifies key trends and areas for future research in operating room planning and scheduling.