Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are clinical conditions without definitive diagnostic tests, with GCA often diagnosed via temporal artery biopsy. Treatment for PMR typically involves 10–20 mg/day of prednisolone, while GCA requires 40–60 mg/day. Ocular involvement in GCA is a medical emergency requiring immediate steroid treatment to prevent blindness. Dose and duration of steroids are adjusted based on individual response and risks of long-term glucocorticoid use. Low-dose aspirin may help reduce complications. GCA and PMR often co-occur, with GCA more severe and associated with higher risk of vision loss and large-artery complications. Diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping symptoms and lack of a gold standard. ESR remains a key diagnostic marker, though it is not always reliable. Treatment guidelines emphasize early steroid initiation, with careful tapering to minimize relapse. Long-term glucocorticoid use carries risks such as osteoporosis, which can be mitigated with calcium and vitamin D supplements. Alternative treatments like intravenous methylprednisolone may reduce side effects. Future research into radiological imaging and PET scans could improve diagnosis and management. Despite ongoing challenges, glucocorticoids remain the cornerstone of treatment for both conditions. Prophylactic measures and regular monitoring are essential to manage complications and optimize outcomes.Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are clinical conditions without definitive diagnostic tests, with GCA often diagnosed via temporal artery biopsy. Treatment for PMR typically involves 10–20 mg/day of prednisolone, while GCA requires 40–60 mg/day. Ocular involvement in GCA is a medical emergency requiring immediate steroid treatment to prevent blindness. Dose and duration of steroids are adjusted based on individual response and risks of long-term glucocorticoid use. Low-dose aspirin may help reduce complications. GCA and PMR often co-occur, with GCA more severe and associated with higher risk of vision loss and large-artery complications. Diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping symptoms and lack of a gold standard. ESR remains a key diagnostic marker, though it is not always reliable. Treatment guidelines emphasize early steroid initiation, with careful tapering to minimize relapse. Long-term glucocorticoid use carries risks such as osteoporosis, which can be mitigated with calcium and vitamin D supplements. Alternative treatments like intravenous methylprednisolone may reduce side effects. Future research into radiological imaging and PET scans could improve diagnosis and management. Despite ongoing challenges, glucocorticoids remain the cornerstone of treatment for both conditions. Prophylactic measures and regular monitoring are essential to manage complications and optimize outcomes.