The article by Keyes, Shmotkin, and Ryff explores the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) in a national sample of 3,032 Americans aged 25–74. SWB is defined as the evaluation of life in terms of satisfaction and balance between positive and negative affect, while PWB involves the perception of engagement with existential challenges of life. The authors hypothesized that while SWB and PWB are conceptually related, they are empirically distinct and that combinations of these two constructs relate differently to sociodemographics and personality traits. Factor analyses confirmed the related-but-distinct nature of SWB and PWB. The probability of optimal well-being (high SWB and PWB) increased with age, education, extraversion, and conscientiousness, and decreased with neuroticism. Adults with higher PWB than SWB were younger, had more education, and showed more openness to experience. The study also examined the role of sociodemographic and personality factors in shaping the profiles of well-being. Age and educational status were found to be significant predictors, with older and better educated individuals tending to have higher levels of both SWB and PWB. Personality traits, particularly neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness, also played a role in differentiating between the two types of well-being. The findings suggest that SWB and PWB are distinct but complementary aspects of well-being, with each retaining its unique characteristics. The study extends previous research by differentiating between subjective and meaning-based well-being and provides insights into how these two constructs might influence each other over time.The article by Keyes, Shmotkin, and Ryff explores the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) in a national sample of 3,032 Americans aged 25–74. SWB is defined as the evaluation of life in terms of satisfaction and balance between positive and negative affect, while PWB involves the perception of engagement with existential challenges of life. The authors hypothesized that while SWB and PWB are conceptually related, they are empirically distinct and that combinations of these two constructs relate differently to sociodemographics and personality traits. Factor analyses confirmed the related-but-distinct nature of SWB and PWB. The probability of optimal well-being (high SWB and PWB) increased with age, education, extraversion, and conscientiousness, and decreased with neuroticism. Adults with higher PWB than SWB were younger, had more education, and showed more openness to experience. The study also examined the role of sociodemographic and personality factors in shaping the profiles of well-being. Age and educational status were found to be significant predictors, with older and better educated individuals tending to have higher levels of both SWB and PWB. Personality traits, particularly neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness, also played a role in differentiating between the two types of well-being. The findings suggest that SWB and PWB are distinct but complementary aspects of well-being, with each retaining its unique characteristics. The study extends previous research by differentiating between subjective and meaning-based well-being and provides insights into how these two constructs might influence each other over time.