Oral cancer and oropharyngeal cancer represent a significant portion of all malignancies in the United States, with squamous cell carcinomas accounting for over 90% of these tumors. Despite the accessibility of direct examination, many cases are often detected at late stages, leading to a low survival rate. The article reviews the clinical features of these cancers and premalignant lesions, emphasizing early detection. Oral cancer is more common in middle-aged and older individuals, with a higher incidence in men. Risk factors include tobacco and alcohol use, chronic sun exposure, and human papillomavirus (HPV). Early diagnosis is crucial, but many clinicians and patients are unaware of the importance of routine screenings. Leukoplakia, erythroplakia, nicotine stomatitis, and tobacco pouch keratosis are common precancerous lesions. Squamous cell carcinoma often presents as white or red patches, and early detection can improve survival rates. The article also discusses the staging and treatment options for oral cancer, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary approaches and regular professional examinations.Oral cancer and oropharyngeal cancer represent a significant portion of all malignancies in the United States, with squamous cell carcinomas accounting for over 90% of these tumors. Despite the accessibility of direct examination, many cases are often detected at late stages, leading to a low survival rate. The article reviews the clinical features of these cancers and premalignant lesions, emphasizing early detection. Oral cancer is more common in middle-aged and older individuals, with a higher incidence in men. Risk factors include tobacco and alcohol use, chronic sun exposure, and human papillomavirus (HPV). Early diagnosis is crucial, but many clinicians and patients are unaware of the importance of routine screenings. Leukoplakia, erythroplakia, nicotine stomatitis, and tobacco pouch keratosis are common precancerous lesions. Squamous cell carcinoma often presents as white or red patches, and early detection can improve survival rates. The article also discusses the staging and treatment options for oral cancer, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary approaches and regular professional examinations.