The oral microbiome, a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses, plays a critical role in maintaining oral and systemic health. This review explores the composition, functions, and influences of the oral microbiome, emphasizing its connections to oral and systemic diseases. Factors such as diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and medical conditions can disrupt the oral microbiome, leading to dysbiosis, which is linked to oral diseases like dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral candidiasis. Additionally, dysbiosis is associated with systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. The review highlights the importance of interventions like dental probiotics, xylitol, and essential oils in modulating the oral microbiome to promote oral health. The oral microbiome is also connected to the oral-gut axis, where microbial translocation can influence systemic health. Factors such as poor oral hygiene, diet, and medical conditions significantly impact the oral microbiome, contributing to oral and systemic diseases. The review underscores the role of the oral microbiome in various diseases, including dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis, and oral thrush, and emphasizes the need for personalized oral care strategies to maintain a balanced oral microbiome. The study also discusses the impact of the oral microbiome on systemic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy oral microbiome for overall health.The oral microbiome, a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses, plays a critical role in maintaining oral and systemic health. This review explores the composition, functions, and influences of the oral microbiome, emphasizing its connections to oral and systemic diseases. Factors such as diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and medical conditions can disrupt the oral microbiome, leading to dysbiosis, which is linked to oral diseases like dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral candidiasis. Additionally, dysbiosis is associated with systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. The review highlights the importance of interventions like dental probiotics, xylitol, and essential oils in modulating the oral microbiome to promote oral health. The oral microbiome is also connected to the oral-gut axis, where microbial translocation can influence systemic health. Factors such as poor oral hygiene, diet, and medical conditions significantly impact the oral microbiome, contributing to oral and systemic diseases. The review underscores the role of the oral microbiome in various diseases, including dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis, and oral thrush, and emphasizes the need for personalized oral care strategies to maintain a balanced oral microbiome. The study also discusses the impact of the oral microbiome on systemic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy oral microbiome for overall health.