This review explores the oral microbiome, a complex ecosystem comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses, and its impact on oral and systemic health. The oral microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining oral homeostasis and preventing dental caries, periodontal diseases, and other oral issues. Various factors, including diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions, can disrupt the balance of the oral microbiome, leading to dysbiosis and increased risk of oral and systemic diseases. The review highlights the connections between oral and gut microbiomes, emphasizing the potential for microbial translocation and the impact of oral bacteria on gut health. It also discusses the efficacy of interventions such as dental probiotics, xylitol, oral rinses, fluoride, essential oils, oil pulling, and peptides in promoting oral health by modulating the oral microbiome. The review underscores the importance of personalized oral care strategies and the role of daily dental practices in maintaining a balanced oral microbiome and overall health.This review explores the oral microbiome, a complex ecosystem comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses, and its impact on oral and systemic health. The oral microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining oral homeostasis and preventing dental caries, periodontal diseases, and other oral issues. Various factors, including diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions, can disrupt the balance of the oral microbiome, leading to dysbiosis and increased risk of oral and systemic diseases. The review highlights the connections between oral and gut microbiomes, emphasizing the potential for microbial translocation and the impact of oral bacteria on gut health. It also discusses the efficacy of interventions such as dental probiotics, xylitol, oral rinses, fluoride, essential oils, oil pulling, and peptides in promoting oral health by modulating the oral microbiome. The review underscores the importance of personalized oral care strategies and the role of daily dental practices in maintaining a balanced oral microbiome and overall health.