This review article discusses the development and application of oral administration microrobots for drug delivery. Oral administration is the most common and convenient method for drug delivery, but traditional methods face challenges in ensuring the bioavailability of biologics and achieving targeted therapy in the gastrointestinal tract. Drug delivery microrobots, with their flexible locomotion and driving capabilities, show great potential in overcoming these challenges. The article categorizes microrobots into four types based on their driving modes: magnetic-controlled, anchored, self-propelled, and biohybrid. It begins by introducing the gastrointestinal barriers that oral drug delivery must overcome, such as pH, mucus, and peristalsis. The article then provides an overview of materials used in the design of oral drug delivery microrobots, including natural and synthetic materials, and offers guidelines for designing such microrobots. It reviews the current development status of various types of oral drug delivery microrobots, summarizing their advantages and limitations. The article also discusses the challenges and prospects of clinical translation for these microrobots, providing suggestions for addressing existing challenges. The review highlights the importance of overcoming gastrointestinal barriers, ensuring drug stability and bioavailability, and improving targeted drug delivery. It emphasizes the need for further research and development to enhance the performance and safety of oral drug delivery microrobots.This review article discusses the development and application of oral administration microrobots for drug delivery. Oral administration is the most common and convenient method for drug delivery, but traditional methods face challenges in ensuring the bioavailability of biologics and achieving targeted therapy in the gastrointestinal tract. Drug delivery microrobots, with their flexible locomotion and driving capabilities, show great potential in overcoming these challenges. The article categorizes microrobots into four types based on their driving modes: magnetic-controlled, anchored, self-propelled, and biohybrid. It begins by introducing the gastrointestinal barriers that oral drug delivery must overcome, such as pH, mucus, and peristalsis. The article then provides an overview of materials used in the design of oral drug delivery microrobots, including natural and synthetic materials, and offers guidelines for designing such microrobots. It reviews the current development status of various types of oral drug delivery microrobots, summarizing their advantages and limitations. The article also discusses the challenges and prospects of clinical translation for these microrobots, providing suggestions for addressing existing challenges. The review highlights the importance of overcoming gastrointestinal barriers, ensuring drug stability and bioavailability, and improving targeted drug delivery. It emphasizes the need for further research and development to enhance the performance and safety of oral drug delivery microrobots.