This review article focuses on the development and application of oral administration microrobots for drug delivery, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. The authors highlight the challenges faced by traditional oral treatments, such as low bioavailability of biologics and the inability to achieve targeted therapy in the gastrointestinal tract. To address these issues, the article discusses the potential of drug delivery microrobots, which can overcome these barriers due to their flexible locomotion and driven ability. The paper categorizes drug delivery microrobots into four types based on their driving modes: magnetic-controlled, anchored, self-propelled, and biohybrid. It begins by introducing the gastrointestinal barriers that oral drug delivery must overcome, including the harsh environment of the stomach and the complex structure of the intestine. The article then provides an overview of the materials used in the design of oral drug delivery microrobots, including natural and synthetic materials, and discusses their key characteristics. The design guidelines for oral drug delivery microrobots are presented, covering aspects such as drug loading and release, transportation, overcoming gastrointestinal barriers, and fabrication. The authors emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate materials and designing microrobots to ensure biocompatibility, effective drug delivery, and safety. Finally, the article reviews the current status of various types of oral drug delivery microrobots, highlighting their advantages and limitations. It also discusses the challenges and prospects for clinical translation, providing suggestions for addressing existing challenges. The authors believe that the advancements in oral administration microrobots will significantly contribute to the development of oral drug therapy in the future.This review article focuses on the development and application of oral administration microrobots for drug delivery, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. The authors highlight the challenges faced by traditional oral treatments, such as low bioavailability of biologics and the inability to achieve targeted therapy in the gastrointestinal tract. To address these issues, the article discusses the potential of drug delivery microrobots, which can overcome these barriers due to their flexible locomotion and driven ability. The paper categorizes drug delivery microrobots into four types based on their driving modes: magnetic-controlled, anchored, self-propelled, and biohybrid. It begins by introducing the gastrointestinal barriers that oral drug delivery must overcome, including the harsh environment of the stomach and the complex structure of the intestine. The article then provides an overview of the materials used in the design of oral drug delivery microrobots, including natural and synthetic materials, and discusses their key characteristics. The design guidelines for oral drug delivery microrobots are presented, covering aspects such as drug loading and release, transportation, overcoming gastrointestinal barriers, and fabrication. The authors emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate materials and designing microrobots to ensure biocompatibility, effective drug delivery, and safety. Finally, the article reviews the current status of various types of oral drug delivery microrobots, highlighting their advantages and limitations. It also discusses the challenges and prospects for clinical translation, providing suggestions for addressing existing challenges. The authors believe that the advancements in oral administration microrobots will significantly contribute to the development of oral drug therapy in the future.