Orbitronics: light-induced orbital currents in Ni studied by terahertz emission experiments

Orbitronics: light-induced orbital currents in Ni studied by terahertz emission experiments

06 March 2024 | Yong Xu, Fan Zhang, Albert Fert, Henri-Yves Jaffres, Yongshan Liu, Renyou Xu, Yuhao Jiang, Houyi Cheng & Weisheng Zhao
This article reports the generation of light-induced orbital currents in nickel (Ni) using terahertz emission experiments. Orbital currents, which can be generated from charge or spin currents, were detected by converting them into charge currents and observing the resulting terahertz emission in multilayers of Ni with oxides and nonmagnetic metals like Cu. The study shows that orbital currents dominate over spin currents in Ni-based systems, while only spin currents are detectable in CoFeB-based systems. Time delays of terahertz pulses provided information on the velocity and propagation length of orbital carriers. The findings open new avenues in orbitronics, including the development of orbitronic terahertz devices. The paper discusses the conversion of charge currents into spin currents and vice versa, highlighting the spin Hall effect and spin Rashba-Edelstein effect in systems with strong spin-orbit coupling. The inverse effects, inverse spin Hall effect and inverse spin Rashba-Edelstein effect, convert spin currents into charge currents and have been used for detecting spin currents. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of orbital degrees of freedom in condensed matter physics, leading to the emergence of orbitronics. The orbital Hall effect (OHE) and orbital Rashba-Edelstein effect (OREE) are proposed as mechanisms for converting charge currents into orbital currents. The study demonstrates that Ni is a good source of orbital currents compared to other ferromagnets. Using terahertz emission, the paper provides evidence for the conversion of light-induced orbital currents in Ni into charge currents. The results show that the main contribution to terahertz emission in Ni-based systems comes from orbital currents, which can be analyzed to determine the velocity and propagation of orbital carriers. The findings suggest that orbital currents can be generated not only by conversion from charge or spin currents but also by light and other excitations. The analysis of terahertz emission delays provides insights into the dynamics of light-induced orbital carriers. The study highlights the potential of orbitronics for future devices and applications.This article reports the generation of light-induced orbital currents in nickel (Ni) using terahertz emission experiments. Orbital currents, which can be generated from charge or spin currents, were detected by converting them into charge currents and observing the resulting terahertz emission in multilayers of Ni with oxides and nonmagnetic metals like Cu. The study shows that orbital currents dominate over spin currents in Ni-based systems, while only spin currents are detectable in CoFeB-based systems. Time delays of terahertz pulses provided information on the velocity and propagation length of orbital carriers. The findings open new avenues in orbitronics, including the development of orbitronic terahertz devices. The paper discusses the conversion of charge currents into spin currents and vice versa, highlighting the spin Hall effect and spin Rashba-Edelstein effect in systems with strong spin-orbit coupling. The inverse effects, inverse spin Hall effect and inverse spin Rashba-Edelstein effect, convert spin currents into charge currents and have been used for detecting spin currents. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of orbital degrees of freedom in condensed matter physics, leading to the emergence of orbitronics. The orbital Hall effect (OHE) and orbital Rashba-Edelstein effect (OREE) are proposed as mechanisms for converting charge currents into orbital currents. The study demonstrates that Ni is a good source of orbital currents compared to other ferromagnets. Using terahertz emission, the paper provides evidence for the conversion of light-induced orbital currents in Ni into charge currents. The results show that the main contribution to terahertz emission in Ni-based systems comes from orbital currents, which can be analyzed to determine the velocity and propagation of orbital carriers. The findings suggest that orbital currents can be generated not only by conversion from charge or spin currents but also by light and other excitations. The analysis of terahertz emission delays provides insights into the dynamics of light-induced orbital carriers. The study highlights the potential of orbitronics for future devices and applications.
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