The Oropouche virus (OROV) is a significant arthropod-borne virus in the *Peribunyaviridae* family, causing febrile illnesses and widespread in tropical regions like Central and South America. Despite no reported deaths, the virus can lead to systemic infections, including neurological and blood system complications. Transmission occurs through both urban and sylvatic cycles, with the anthropophilic biting midge *Culicoides paraensis* being the primary vector in urban areas. Direct human-to-human transmission has not been observed. OROV consists of three segments, each encoding proteins essential for replication and resistance to the host's immune response. Phylogenetic analyses show geographically distinct sequences with closer homologies to Iquitos and Perdoes viruses. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or specific antiviral treatments, but recent studies have used immunoinformatics approaches to develop epitope-based peptide vaccines, laying the groundwork for clinical use. The review focuses on the structure, epidemiology, immunity, and phylogeny of OROV, as well as the progress in vaccine development, emphasizing the need for wider attention and research.The Oropouche virus (OROV) is a significant arthropod-borne virus in the *Peribunyaviridae* family, causing febrile illnesses and widespread in tropical regions like Central and South America. Despite no reported deaths, the virus can lead to systemic infections, including neurological and blood system complications. Transmission occurs through both urban and sylvatic cycles, with the anthropophilic biting midge *Culicoides paraensis* being the primary vector in urban areas. Direct human-to-human transmission has not been observed. OROV consists of three segments, each encoding proteins essential for replication and resistance to the host's immune response. Phylogenetic analyses show geographically distinct sequences with closer homologies to Iquitos and Perdoes viruses. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or specific antiviral treatments, but recent studies have used immunoinformatics approaches to develop epitope-based peptide vaccines, laying the groundwork for clinical use. The review focuses on the structure, epidemiology, immunity, and phylogeny of OROV, as well as the progress in vaccine development, emphasizing the need for wider attention and research.