Osmotic Stress Signaling and Osmoadaptation in Yeasts

Osmotic Stress Signaling and Osmoadaptation in Yeasts

June 2002 | Stefan Hohmann
The chapter discusses the mechanisms of osmoadaptation in yeast, focusing on the sensing of osmotic changes and the signaling pathways involved. Yeasts, as unicellular fungi, live in variable environments, exposing them to rapid changes in water activity, which can lead to hyperosmotic or hypo-osmotic shocks. These shocks require rapid cellular responses to maintain viability and growth. The chapter highlights the role of osmosensors, such as Sho1p and Sln1p, which detect osmotic changes and activate signaling pathways like the HOG MAP kinase pathway. The HOG pathway, activated by both Sho1p and Sln1p, plays a crucial role in osmoadaptation by regulating gene expression and cellular processes. Other signaling pathways, including the cell integrity pathway and protein kinase A, also contribute to the overall response to osmotic stress. The chapter also explores the integration of these pathways and the role of transcription factors in mediating the cellular response. Additionally, it discusses the importance of osmolytes like glycerol and trehalose in maintaining cellular function under osmotic stress. The chapter emphasizes the need for an integrated view of osmoadaptation, considering the complex interactions between different signaling pathways and cellular components.The chapter discusses the mechanisms of osmoadaptation in yeast, focusing on the sensing of osmotic changes and the signaling pathways involved. Yeasts, as unicellular fungi, live in variable environments, exposing them to rapid changes in water activity, which can lead to hyperosmotic or hypo-osmotic shocks. These shocks require rapid cellular responses to maintain viability and growth. The chapter highlights the role of osmosensors, such as Sho1p and Sln1p, which detect osmotic changes and activate signaling pathways like the HOG MAP kinase pathway. The HOG pathway, activated by both Sho1p and Sln1p, plays a crucial role in osmoadaptation by regulating gene expression and cellular processes. Other signaling pathways, including the cell integrity pathway and protein kinase A, also contribute to the overall response to osmotic stress. The chapter also explores the integration of these pathways and the role of transcription factors in mediating the cellular response. Additionally, it discusses the importance of osmolytes like glycerol and trehalose in maintaining cellular function under osmotic stress. The chapter emphasizes the need for an integrated view of osmoadaptation, considering the complex interactions between different signaling pathways and cellular components.
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