This literature review examines the challenges and opportunities of adopting electronic medical records (EMR) in Saudi Arabia in alignment with the nation's Vision 2030 healthcare goals. The review synthesizes research from 2010 to 2023, focusing on technical, financial, human, cultural, and policy-related barriers to EMR adoption. Key challenges include technical issues affecting system reliability and trust, financial constraints limiting resource allocation, human factors influencing healthcare professionals' willingness to adopt EMR, cultural and organizational resistance, and privacy and security concerns. Additionally, policy and regulatory challenges are highlighted, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses these issues. The review also explores the integration of EMR with other digital health initiatives such as telehealth, personal health records, and community pharmacy services. It highlights the importance of digital health literacy, the role of artificial intelligence in healthcare, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health informatics. Case studies and success stories provide insights into effective EMR implementation strategies, emphasizing the importance of user acceptance, management support, vendor collaboration, and tailored implementation frameworks. Emerging trends and future directions in EMR adoption include the integration of AI and big data analytics, the need for effective privacy-preserving methods, and the impact of evolving healthcare policies and regulations. The review concludes that while significant challenges exist, strategic approaches and solutions tailored to the specific context of Saudi Arabia can effectively facilitate EMR integration, thereby enhancing healthcare quality and efficiency in line with the nation's Vision 2030 goals.This literature review examines the challenges and opportunities of adopting electronic medical records (EMR) in Saudi Arabia in alignment with the nation's Vision 2030 healthcare goals. The review synthesizes research from 2010 to 2023, focusing on technical, financial, human, cultural, and policy-related barriers to EMR adoption. Key challenges include technical issues affecting system reliability and trust, financial constraints limiting resource allocation, human factors influencing healthcare professionals' willingness to adopt EMR, cultural and organizational resistance, and privacy and security concerns. Additionally, policy and regulatory challenges are highlighted, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses these issues. The review also explores the integration of EMR with other digital health initiatives such as telehealth, personal health records, and community pharmacy services. It highlights the importance of digital health literacy, the role of artificial intelligence in healthcare, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health informatics. Case studies and success stories provide insights into effective EMR implementation strategies, emphasizing the importance of user acceptance, management support, vendor collaboration, and tailored implementation frameworks. Emerging trends and future directions in EMR adoption include the integration of AI and big data analytics, the need for effective privacy-preserving methods, and the impact of evolving healthcare policies and regulations. The review concludes that while significant challenges exist, strategic approaches and solutions tailored to the specific context of Saudi Arabia can effectively facilitate EMR integration, thereby enhancing healthcare quality and efficiency in line with the nation's Vision 2030 goals.