This literature review explores the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of electronic medical records (EMR) in Saudi Arabia, aligning with the nation's Vision 2050 healthcare objectives. The review, conducted between 2010 and 2023, synthesizes research from various databases and focuses on key aspects such as technical challenges, financial constraints, human factors, cultural and organizational barriers, privacy and security concerns, and policy and regulatory challenges. It also examines the integration of EMR with other digital health initiatives like telehealth, personal health records, and community pharmacy services. The findings highlight a complex interplay of factors influencing EMR adoption, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies that address these barriers. The review concludes that while significant challenges exist, strategic approaches and solutions tailored to the specific context of Saudi Arabia can effectively facilitate EMR integration, enhancing healthcare quality and efficiency in line with the nation's Vision 2050 goals.This literature review explores the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of electronic medical records (EMR) in Saudi Arabia, aligning with the nation's Vision 2050 healthcare objectives. The review, conducted between 2010 and 2023, synthesizes research from various databases and focuses on key aspects such as technical challenges, financial constraints, human factors, cultural and organizational barriers, privacy and security concerns, and policy and regulatory challenges. It also examines the integration of EMR with other digital health initiatives like telehealth, personal health records, and community pharmacy services. The findings highlight a complex interplay of factors influencing EMR adoption, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies that address these barriers. The review concludes that while significant challenges exist, strategic approaches and solutions tailored to the specific context of Saudi Arabia can effectively facilitate EMR integration, enhancing healthcare quality and efficiency in line with the nation's Vision 2050 goals.