The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors plays a central role in innate immunity and is closely linked to inflammatory responses. The IL-1 family includes 11 cytokines and 10 receptors, with members such as IL-1α and IL-1β being key players in inflammation. These cytokines are involved in both innate and acquired immunity, with IL-1β being particularly important in autoinflammatory diseases. The IL-1 family shares structural similarities with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), including the TIR domain, which is crucial for signaling. IL-1α is a dual-function cytokine that can act as a transcription factor in the nucleus and as a signaling molecule at the cell membrane. IL-1β is processed by caspase-1 and is involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent secretion. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a decoy receptor that blocks IL-1 signaling and is used in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IL-18 is another cytokine that contributes to Th1 responses and is involved in the production of IFN-γ. IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a soluble receptor that inhibits IL-18 activity. The IL-1 family also includes IL-33, which functions as an alarmin and is involved in innate immune responses. The IL-1 family's role in inflammation and immunity is complex, with various members contributing to both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. Understanding the IL-1 family's structure, function, and regulation is essential for developing therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory diseases.The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors plays a central role in innate immunity and is closely linked to inflammatory responses. The IL-1 family includes 11 cytokines and 10 receptors, with members such as IL-1α and IL-1β being key players in inflammation. These cytokines are involved in both innate and acquired immunity, with IL-1β being particularly important in autoinflammatory diseases. The IL-1 family shares structural similarities with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), including the TIR domain, which is crucial for signaling. IL-1α is a dual-function cytokine that can act as a transcription factor in the nucleus and as a signaling molecule at the cell membrane. IL-1β is processed by caspase-1 and is involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent secretion. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a decoy receptor that blocks IL-1 signaling and is used in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IL-18 is another cytokine that contributes to Th1 responses and is involved in the production of IFN-γ. IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a soluble receptor that inhibits IL-18 activity. The IL-1 family also includes IL-33, which functions as an alarmin and is involved in innate immune responses. The IL-1 family's role in inflammation and immunity is complex, with various members contributing to both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. Understanding the IL-1 family's structure, function, and regulation is essential for developing therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory diseases.