Oxidative stress (OS) is a critical factor in aging and various neurological disorders. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants leads to an oxidation-reduction imbalance, causing elevated levels of reactive species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Mitochondria play a crucial role in ATP production and redox metabolism, but their inefficient functioning can generate ROS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. OS is characterized by the accumulation of ROS, which damage cellular macromolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins, ultimately causing necrosis and apoptosis. The brain, with its high oxygen consumption and lipid content, is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are often associated with biochemical alterations due to oxidative stress. Understanding the mechanisms and sources of OS in these diseases is essential for developing effective treatments. This review highlights the role of OS in neurodegenerative disorders and discusses potential therapeutic strategies.Oxidative stress (OS) is a critical factor in aging and various neurological disorders. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants leads to an oxidation-reduction imbalance, causing elevated levels of reactive species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Mitochondria play a crucial role in ATP production and redox metabolism, but their inefficient functioning can generate ROS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. OS is characterized by the accumulation of ROS, which damage cellular macromolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins, ultimately causing necrosis and apoptosis. The brain, with its high oxygen consumption and lipid content, is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are often associated with biochemical alterations due to oxidative stress. Understanding the mechanisms and sources of OS in these diseases is essential for developing effective treatments. This review highlights the role of OS in neurodegenerative disorders and discusses potential therapeutic strategies.