This review article explores the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation, highlighting the potential of polyphenols as anti-inflammatory agents. Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their clearance, can lead to chronic inflammation and various diseases. Polyphenols, natural compounds found in plants, have been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help mitigate the effects of oxidative stress. The review discusses the mechanisms by which polyphenols interact with ROS, inhibit enzymes involved in inflammation, and modulate signaling pathways. Additionally, it examines the bioavailability of polyphenols, their antioxidant activities, and their impact on cardiovascular, neurological, and cancer-related diseases. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to better understand the protective mechanisms of polyphenols and to develop new therapeutic strategies based on their anti-inflammatory effects.This review article explores the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation, highlighting the potential of polyphenols as anti-inflammatory agents. Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their clearance, can lead to chronic inflammation and various diseases. Polyphenols, natural compounds found in plants, have been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help mitigate the effects of oxidative stress. The review discusses the mechanisms by which polyphenols interact with ROS, inhibit enzymes involved in inflammation, and modulate signaling pathways. Additionally, it examines the bioavailability of polyphenols, their antioxidant activities, and their impact on cardiovascular, neurological, and cancer-related diseases. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to better understand the protective mechanisms of polyphenols and to develop new therapeutic strategies based on their anti-inflammatory effects.