Oxidative stress is a crucial factor in liver diseases, contributing to the pathogenesis of various liver disorders, including alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C virus infection, and hepatic encephalopathy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are primarily produced in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes via cytochrome P450 enzymes. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents, leading to structural and functional abnormalities in the liver. It affects proteins, lipids, and DNA, causing cellular damage and impairing liver function. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant, plays a significant role in mitigating oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. It is effective in various liver diseases, including alcoholic liver injury and cirrhosis, and may also be beneficial in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, particularly in the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to its metabolic activity, and it has a special defense mechanism involving the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of antioxidant genes. In alcoholic liver disease, oxidative stress and inflammation are closely linked, leading to liver damage and fibrosis. The role of oxidative stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease includes disrupted fatty acid metabolism, leading to fat accumulation in the liver. Hepatitis C virus infection also contributes to oxidative stress, which can lead to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Oxidative stress is a key factor in liver injury during hypoxia/reoxygenation, leading to cellular damage and inflammation. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E, curcuminoids, and melatonin, have shown therapeutic potential in liver diseases by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the efficacy of antioxidant therapies in liver diseases remains a topic of ongoing research and debate.Oxidative stress is a crucial factor in liver diseases, contributing to the pathogenesis of various liver disorders, including alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C virus infection, and hepatic encephalopathy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are primarily produced in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes via cytochrome P450 enzymes. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents, leading to structural and functional abnormalities in the liver. It affects proteins, lipids, and DNA, causing cellular damage and impairing liver function. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant, plays a significant role in mitigating oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. It is effective in various liver diseases, including alcoholic liver injury and cirrhosis, and may also be beneficial in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, particularly in the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to its metabolic activity, and it has a special defense mechanism involving the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of antioxidant genes. In alcoholic liver disease, oxidative stress and inflammation are closely linked, leading to liver damage and fibrosis. The role of oxidative stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease includes disrupted fatty acid metabolism, leading to fat accumulation in the liver. Hepatitis C virus infection also contributes to oxidative stress, which can lead to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Oxidative stress is a key factor in liver injury during hypoxia/reoxygenation, leading to cellular damage and inflammation. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E, curcuminoids, and melatonin, have shown therapeutic potential in liver diseases by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the efficacy of antioxidant therapies in liver diseases remains a topic of ongoing research and debate.