The article reviews the role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during normal cellular metabolism and can cause damage to cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to cell death. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of ROS exceeds the body's ability to detoxify them, resulting in cellular damage. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive cell loss, protein aggregation, and disruption of metal ion homeostasis, all of which are linked to oxidative stress. The review discusses the generation of ROS, their beneficial and detrimental activities, and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. It also explores therapeutic strategies, including antioxidant therapy, metal-protein attenuating compounds (MPACs), and targeting the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. The Nrf2 pathway is highlighted as a promising therapeutic target due to its ability to induce the expression of cytoprotective proteins and enhance cellular antioxidant capacity. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of early intervention and the need for further research to develop effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.The article reviews the role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during normal cellular metabolism and can cause damage to cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to cell death. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of ROS exceeds the body's ability to detoxify them, resulting in cellular damage. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive cell loss, protein aggregation, and disruption of metal ion homeostasis, all of which are linked to oxidative stress. The review discusses the generation of ROS, their beneficial and detrimental activities, and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. It also explores therapeutic strategies, including antioxidant therapy, metal-protein attenuating compounds (MPACs), and targeting the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. The Nrf2 pathway is highlighted as a promising therapeutic target due to its ability to induce the expression of cytoprotective proteins and enhance cellular antioxidant capacity. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of early intervention and the need for further research to develop effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.