PAMPs and DAMPs: signal 0s that spur autophagy and immunity

PAMPs and DAMPs: signal 0s that spur autophagy and immunity

2012 | Daolin Tang, Rui Kang, Carolyn B. Coyne, Herbert J. Zeh, Michael T. Lotze
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune system, initiating autophagy and immune responses. Autophagy, a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, is crucial for cell survival and early host defense strategies. PAMPs, derived from microorganisms, and DAMPs, released from stressed or damaged cells, serve as 'Signal 0s' that bind specific receptors (e.g., Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors) to promote autophagy. Autophagy degrades cytoplasmic components and organelles, maintaining cellular homeostasis and quality control. Recent studies highlight the complex relationship between immunophagy and the initiating signal 0s, with PAMPs and DAMPs playing key roles in immune responses. PAMPs, such as microbial nucleic acids and lipoproteins, are recognized by PRRs, leading to the activation of proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses. DAMPs, including HMGB1, S100 proteins, and ATP, are released from stressed or damaged cells and can also activate autophagy. The interplay between autophagy and DAMPs, such as HMGB1, is complex, with HMGB1 acting as both an inflammatory mediator and a regulator of autophagy. Autophagy is involved in various immune processes, including antiviral defense, antigen processing, and the regulation of inflammatory diseases. The crosstalk between autophagy and PRRs, such as TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs, further enhances the immune response and contributes to the resolution of infection.Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune system, initiating autophagy and immune responses. Autophagy, a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, is crucial for cell survival and early host defense strategies. PAMPs, derived from microorganisms, and DAMPs, released from stressed or damaged cells, serve as 'Signal 0s' that bind specific receptors (e.g., Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors) to promote autophagy. Autophagy degrades cytoplasmic components and organelles, maintaining cellular homeostasis and quality control. Recent studies highlight the complex relationship between immunophagy and the initiating signal 0s, with PAMPs and DAMPs playing key roles in immune responses. PAMPs, such as microbial nucleic acids and lipoproteins, are recognized by PRRs, leading to the activation of proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses. DAMPs, including HMGB1, S100 proteins, and ATP, are released from stressed or damaged cells and can also activate autophagy. The interplay between autophagy and DAMPs, such as HMGB1, is complex, with HMGB1 acting as both an inflammatory mediator and a regulator of autophagy. Autophagy is involved in various immune processes, including antiviral defense, antigen processing, and the regulation of inflammatory diseases. The crosstalk between autophagy and PRRs, such as TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs, further enhances the immune response and contributes to the resolution of infection.
Reach us at info@study.space
[slides and audio] PAMPs and DAMPs%3A signal 0s that spur autophagy and immunity