This review discusses the role of PCR in forensic science, highlighting its evolution from the 1980s to the present. PCR has revolutionized DNA profiling by enabling the amplification of trace DNA samples, which are often degraded and inhibited. Despite advancements in PCR technology, challenges remain in profiling such samples. The review examines the development of PCR techniques, including the use of commercial kits, newer methods in forensic practice, and future directions. It also explores the factors influencing PCR cycling conditions, such as primer melting temperature and DNA polymerase processivity, which are critical for successful amplification. The review highlights the importance of standardization in forensic DNA analysis, the role of STR and mtDNA profiling, and the impact of technological advancements on PCR efficiency and sensitivity. It also discusses the evolution of PCR in other disciplines, such as clinical research, and the challenges of interpreting degraded and inhibited samples. The review concludes that while PCR has significantly advanced forensic science, ongoing research is needed to improve its effectiveness in handling challenging samples.This review discusses the role of PCR in forensic science, highlighting its evolution from the 1980s to the present. PCR has revolutionized DNA profiling by enabling the amplification of trace DNA samples, which are often degraded and inhibited. Despite advancements in PCR technology, challenges remain in profiling such samples. The review examines the development of PCR techniques, including the use of commercial kits, newer methods in forensic practice, and future directions. It also explores the factors influencing PCR cycling conditions, such as primer melting temperature and DNA polymerase processivity, which are critical for successful amplification. The review highlights the importance of standardization in forensic DNA analysis, the role of STR and mtDNA profiling, and the impact of technological advancements on PCR efficiency and sensitivity. It also discusses the evolution of PCR in other disciplines, such as clinical research, and the challenges of interpreting degraded and inhibited samples. The review concludes that while PCR has significantly advanced forensic science, ongoing research is needed to improve its effectiveness in handling challenging samples.