The PISA 2022 Technical Report outlines the technical and methodological foundations of the PISA 2022 assessment, which evaluates the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students in reading, mathematics, science, creative thinking, and financial literacy. Conducted in 81 countries and economies, the assessment aims to measure students' ability to apply their knowledge in real-world situations, reflecting a shift in educational focus from curriculum mastery to practical application. The report details the design, implementation, and analysis of the assessment, emphasizing the use of rigorous standards to ensure valid, reliable, and internationally comparable results. PISA 2022 introduced several technical innovations, including an adaptive testing approach for mathematics and reading, which allows for more efficient and accurate measurement of student proficiency. The assessment also included a computer-based platform for delivering tests and questionnaires, enhancing data collection and processing. Additionally, the report highlights the use of Item Response Theory (IRT) for scaling and analysis, which improves the measurement of trends across PISA cycles. The report describes the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, including the OECD Secretariat, national project managers, and international contractors, in the implementation of the assessment. It also outlines the procedures for data collection, translation, verification, and quality assurance, ensuring the reliability and validity of the data. The report includes detailed information on the sampling design, data management, and the use of statistical methods for analysis. PISA 2022 also incorporated additional questionnaires to gather information on students' backgrounds, school environments, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education. These questionnaires provided insights into the factors influencing student achievement and the effectiveness of educational systems. The report emphasizes the importance of these data in informing policy decisions and improving educational outcomes. Overall, the PISA 2022 Technical Report serves as a comprehensive guide to the technical aspects of the assessment, providing clarity on the methodologies used to ensure the quality and reliability of the data. It supports the use of PISA data for educational research and policy development, contributing to a deeper understanding of global educational trends and challenges.The PISA 2022 Technical Report outlines the technical and methodological foundations of the PISA 2022 assessment, which evaluates the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students in reading, mathematics, science, creative thinking, and financial literacy. Conducted in 81 countries and economies, the assessment aims to measure students' ability to apply their knowledge in real-world situations, reflecting a shift in educational focus from curriculum mastery to practical application. The report details the design, implementation, and analysis of the assessment, emphasizing the use of rigorous standards to ensure valid, reliable, and internationally comparable results. PISA 2022 introduced several technical innovations, including an adaptive testing approach for mathematics and reading, which allows for more efficient and accurate measurement of student proficiency. The assessment also included a computer-based platform for delivering tests and questionnaires, enhancing data collection and processing. Additionally, the report highlights the use of Item Response Theory (IRT) for scaling and analysis, which improves the measurement of trends across PISA cycles. The report describes the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, including the OECD Secretariat, national project managers, and international contractors, in the implementation of the assessment. It also outlines the procedures for data collection, translation, verification, and quality assurance, ensuring the reliability and validity of the data. The report includes detailed information on the sampling design, data management, and the use of statistical methods for analysis. PISA 2022 also incorporated additional questionnaires to gather information on students' backgrounds, school environments, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education. These questionnaires provided insights into the factors influencing student achievement and the effectiveness of educational systems. The report emphasizes the importance of these data in informing policy decisions and improving educational outcomes. Overall, the PISA 2022 Technical Report serves as a comprehensive guide to the technical aspects of the assessment, providing clarity on the methodologies used to ensure the quality and reliability of the data. It supports the use of PISA data for educational research and policy development, contributing to a deeper understanding of global educational trends and challenges.