2017 July 12 | Jian He, Masayuki Wasa, Kelvin S. L. Chan, Qian Shao, and Jin-Quan Yu
This review summarizes recent advancements in Pd-catalyzed C(sp³)-H activation, focusing on various redox manifolds such as Pd(0)/Pd(II), Pd(II)/Pd(IV), and Pd(II)/Pd(0). While few examples exist for alkane C–H bond activation, many C(sp³)-H activation/C–C and C–heteroatom bond forming reactions have been developed using directing group strategies to control regioselectivity and build structural patterns. Effective ligands have been identified for accelerating C(sp³)-H activation directed by weakly coordinating auxiliaries, offering opportunities to control reactivity and selectivity in Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions. The review highlights the challenges and progress in Pd-catalyzed C(sp³)-H activation, including the use of directing groups, redox cycles, and ligands to achieve selective functionalization. It discusses the development of methods for C(sp³)-H activation, including the use of strongly coordinating auxiliaries, and the application of these methods in the synthesis of complex molecules. The review also covers the use of Pd(II)/Pd(0) catalysis for cross-coupling reactions between C(sp³)-H bonds and organometallic reagents, as well as the challenges and solutions in achieving efficient and selective C(sp³)-H functionalization. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding reaction mechanisms and the role of ligands in controlling reactivity and selectivity in Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions.This review summarizes recent advancements in Pd-catalyzed C(sp³)-H activation, focusing on various redox manifolds such as Pd(0)/Pd(II), Pd(II)/Pd(IV), and Pd(II)/Pd(0). While few examples exist for alkane C–H bond activation, many C(sp³)-H activation/C–C and C–heteroatom bond forming reactions have been developed using directing group strategies to control regioselectivity and build structural patterns. Effective ligands have been identified for accelerating C(sp³)-H activation directed by weakly coordinating auxiliaries, offering opportunities to control reactivity and selectivity in Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions. The review highlights the challenges and progress in Pd-catalyzed C(sp³)-H activation, including the use of directing groups, redox cycles, and ligands to achieve selective functionalization. It discusses the development of methods for C(sp³)-H activation, including the use of strongly coordinating auxiliaries, and the application of these methods in the synthesis of complex molecules. The review also covers the use of Pd(II)/Pd(0) catalysis for cross-coupling reactions between C(sp³)-H bonds and organometallic reagents, as well as the challenges and solutions in achieving efficient and selective C(sp³)-H functionalization. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding reaction mechanisms and the role of ligands in controlling reactivity and selectivity in Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions.