This review summarizes recent advances in Pd-catalyzed ligand-directed C–H functionalization reactions, focusing on the formation of carbon-oxygen, carbon-sulfur, carbon-halogen, and carbon-nitrogen bonds. The development of such reactions is critical for organic chemistry, as they enable the direct conversion of C–H bonds into functional groups with high efficiency and atom economy. Traditional methods require pre-functionalized starting materials, but ligand-directed C–H functionalization bypasses this limitation by using directing groups to control reactivity and selectivity. The mechanism of these reactions typically involves the formation of cyclopalladated intermediates through ligand-directed C–H activation. These intermediates can then undergo functionalization via different pathways, including reductive elimination or electrophilic cleavage of the Pd–C bond. The versatility of palladium in these reactions is attributed to its ability to form a wide range of bonds and its compatibility with various oxidants and ligands. For carbon-oxygen bond formation, various oxidants such as iodine(III) compounds, peroxides, and dioxygen have been used. These reagents enable the ortho-oxygenation of C–H bonds, often with high selectivity and yield. The mechanism of these reactions involves the formation of Pd(IV) species, followed by reductive elimination to form the desired oxygenated product. Carbon-sulfur bond formation is less common, but has been achieved through intramolecular reactions. These reactions often involve the formation of disulfide intermediates, which undergo oxidative addition and cyclometalation to form the final product. Carbon-halogen bond formation has been achieved using various halogenating agents, including N-halosuccinimides, copper halides, and Suárez reagents. These reactions typically proceed via a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) mechanism, involving oxidative addition and reductive elimination. Carbon-nitrogen bond formation has been achieved through both intramolecular and intermolecular pathways. These reactions often involve the formation of nitrenes or imido intermediates, followed by reductive elimination to form the desired nitrogenated product. Carbon-carbon bond formation is the most widely studied area, with numerous examples of Pd-catalyzed C–H activation followed by C–C coupling. These reactions typically proceed via a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) mechanism, involving oxidative addition and reductive elimination. Overall, Pd-catalyzed ligand-directed C–H functionalization reactions offer a powerful and efficient method for the direct conversion of C–H bonds into functional groups, with broad applications in organic synthesis.This review summarizes recent advances in Pd-catalyzed ligand-directed C–H functionalization reactions, focusing on the formation of carbon-oxygen, carbon-sulfur, carbon-halogen, and carbon-nitrogen bonds. The development of such reactions is critical for organic chemistry, as they enable the direct conversion of C–H bonds into functional groups with high efficiency and atom economy. Traditional methods require pre-functionalized starting materials, but ligand-directed C–H functionalization bypasses this limitation by using directing groups to control reactivity and selectivity. The mechanism of these reactions typically involves the formation of cyclopalladated intermediates through ligand-directed C–H activation. These intermediates can then undergo functionalization via different pathways, including reductive elimination or electrophilic cleavage of the Pd–C bond. The versatility of palladium in these reactions is attributed to its ability to form a wide range of bonds and its compatibility with various oxidants and ligands. For carbon-oxygen bond formation, various oxidants such as iodine(III) compounds, peroxides, and dioxygen have been used. These reagents enable the ortho-oxygenation of C–H bonds, often with high selectivity and yield. The mechanism of these reactions involves the formation of Pd(IV) species, followed by reductive elimination to form the desired oxygenated product. Carbon-sulfur bond formation is less common, but has been achieved through intramolecular reactions. These reactions often involve the formation of disulfide intermediates, which undergo oxidative addition and cyclometalation to form the final product. Carbon-halogen bond formation has been achieved using various halogenating agents, including N-halosuccinimides, copper halides, and Suárez reagents. These reactions typically proceed via a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) mechanism, involving oxidative addition and reductive elimination. Carbon-nitrogen bond formation has been achieved through both intramolecular and intermolecular pathways. These reactions often involve the formation of nitrenes or imido intermediates, followed by reductive elimination to form the desired nitrogenated product. Carbon-carbon bond formation is the most widely studied area, with numerous examples of Pd-catalyzed C–H activation followed by C–C coupling. These reactions typically proceed via a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) mechanism, involving oxidative addition and reductive elimination. Overall, Pd-catalyzed ligand-directed C–H functionalization reactions offer a powerful and efficient method for the direct conversion of C–H bonds into functional groups, with broad applications in organic synthesis.