This study examines the potential adverse effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, specifically exenatide and sitagliptin, on pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, and other cancers. Using data from the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) from 2004 to 2009, the researchers found that the use of these medications was associated with a significantly increased risk of pancreatitis (odds ratio [OR] = 10.68, P < 10−16) and pancreatic cancer (OR = 2.9, P = 9 × 10−5). Additionally, there was a statistically significant increase in reported thyroid cancer with exenatide (OR = 4.73, P = 4 × 10−3). However, neither exenatide nor sitagliptin showed an increased risk of other cancers. The findings suggest that GLP-1 and DPP-4 inhibitors may have unintended side effects, particularly on the pancreas and thyroid, and highlight the need for long-term monitoring and further research to understand these potential risks.This study examines the potential adverse effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, specifically exenatide and sitagliptin, on pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, and other cancers. Using data from the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) from 2004 to 2009, the researchers found that the use of these medications was associated with a significantly increased risk of pancreatitis (odds ratio [OR] = 10.68, P < 10−16) and pancreatic cancer (OR = 2.9, P = 9 × 10−5). Additionally, there was a statistically significant increase in reported thyroid cancer with exenatide (OR = 4.73, P = 4 × 10−3). However, neither exenatide nor sitagliptin showed an increased risk of other cancers. The findings suggest that GLP-1 and DPP-4 inhibitors may have unintended side effects, particularly on the pancreas and thyroid, and highlight the need for long-term monitoring and further research to understand these potential risks.