Pannexin 1 channels mediate ‘find-me’ signal release and membrane permeability during apoptosis

Pannexin 1 channels mediate ‘find-me’ signal release and membrane permeability during apoptosis

2010 October 14; 467(7317): 863–867. doi:10.1038/nature09413 | Faraaz B. Chekeni, Michael R. Elliott, Joanna K. Sandilos, Scott F. Walk, Jason M. Kinchen, Eduardo R. Lazarowski, Allison J. Armstrong, Silvia Penuela, Dale W. Laird, Guy S. Salvesen, Brant E. Isakson, Douglas A. Bayliss, and Kodi S. Ravichandran
This study identifies pannexin 1 (PANX1) as a key mediator of 'find-me' signals and membrane permeability during apoptosis. PANX1 is a plasma membrane channel that facilitates the release of nucleotides such as ATP and UTP, which are crucial for recruiting phagocytes to apoptotic cells. Pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of PANX1 reduced nucleotide release and monocyte recruitment, while overexpression of PANX1 enhanced these processes. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that PANX1 is basally inactive but becomes active during apoptosis. Mechanistically, PANX1 is a target of effector caspases (caspases 3 and 7), and specific caspase-cleavage sites within PANX1 are essential for its function during apoptosis. Expression of a truncated PANX1 lacking the caspase cleavage sites resulted in a constitutively open channel. PANX1 also plays a role in the selective plasma membrane permeability of early apoptotic cells to specific dyes, such as YO-PRO-1 and TO-PRO-3. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of PANX1 activation by caspases and its critical role in the release of 'find-me' signals and membrane permeability during apoptosis.This study identifies pannexin 1 (PANX1) as a key mediator of 'find-me' signals and membrane permeability during apoptosis. PANX1 is a plasma membrane channel that facilitates the release of nucleotides such as ATP and UTP, which are crucial for recruiting phagocytes to apoptotic cells. Pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of PANX1 reduced nucleotide release and monocyte recruitment, while overexpression of PANX1 enhanced these processes. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that PANX1 is basally inactive but becomes active during apoptosis. Mechanistically, PANX1 is a target of effector caspases (caspases 3 and 7), and specific caspase-cleavage sites within PANX1 are essential for its function during apoptosis. Expression of a truncated PANX1 lacking the caspase cleavage sites resulted in a constitutively open channel. PANX1 also plays a role in the selective plasma membrane permeability of early apoptotic cells to specific dyes, such as YO-PRO-1 and TO-PRO-3. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of PANX1 activation by caspases and its critical role in the release of 'find-me' signals and membrane permeability during apoptosis.
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