The parahippocampal place area (PPA) and retrosplenial complex (RSC) are two key brain regions involved in human spatial navigation. The PPA is specialized for recognizing and encoding local visual scenes, such as landscapes or cityscapes, while the RSC is involved in situating scenes within a broader spatial context and supporting long-term spatial memory. These regions work together to enable navigation, with the PPA focusing on scene recognition and the RSC on spatial orientation and navigation. The PPA responds to scenes in a viewpoint-specific manner, while the RSC is more sensitive to familiar places and supports the integration of spatial information. Neuroimaging studies show that both regions are activated during navigation and scene viewing, and damage to these areas can lead to navigational deficits. The PPA is crucial for scene recognition, while the RSC is essential for spatial orientation and navigation. Together, these regions form a cortical network that supports spatial navigation in humans.The parahippocampal place area (PPA) and retrosplenial complex (RSC) are two key brain regions involved in human spatial navigation. The PPA is specialized for recognizing and encoding local visual scenes, such as landscapes or cityscapes, while the RSC is involved in situating scenes within a broader spatial context and supporting long-term spatial memory. These regions work together to enable navigation, with the PPA focusing on scene recognition and the RSC on spatial orientation and navigation. The PPA responds to scenes in a viewpoint-specific manner, while the RSC is more sensitive to familiar places and supports the integration of spatial information. Neuroimaging studies show that both regions are activated during navigation and scene viewing, and damage to these areas can lead to navigational deficits. The PPA is crucial for scene recognition, while the RSC is essential for spatial orientation and navigation. Together, these regions form a cortical network that supports spatial navigation in humans.