The article presents a heuristic model of factors contributing to the socialization of emotion, focusing on parental reactions to children's emotions, discussions of emotion, and expression of emotion. It reviews literature on how parental socialization practices influence children's emotional and social competence, noting that the socialization process is bidirectional. Parental negative emotionality and negative reactions to children's emotions are linked to children's negative emotionality and low social competence. The literature is correlational, but initial support exists for the impact of parental socialization on children's emotional and social development. The socialization of emotion is a complex process influenced by child, parental, and cultural factors. Parental reactions to children's emotions can directly affect children's emotional responses, while discussions and expressions of emotion also play a role. The article highlights the importance of emotional competence, defined as understanding emotions, appropriate expression, and regulation. Social competence, closely linked to emotional competence, is also an outcome of parental socialization efforts. The article discusses various moderators of these effects, including the child's emotional state, parental emotion, and contextual factors. Parental socialization practices can influence children's emotional and social development, with negative reactions potentially leading to increased physiological arousal and negative outcomes. The article emphasizes the importance of considering age-appropriate socialization practices and the broader context of parenting styles. Overall, the research suggests that parental socialization of emotion has a significant impact on children's emotional and social competence, with the potential for both positive and negative outcomes depending on the specific practices and contexts.The article presents a heuristic model of factors contributing to the socialization of emotion, focusing on parental reactions to children's emotions, discussions of emotion, and expression of emotion. It reviews literature on how parental socialization practices influence children's emotional and social competence, noting that the socialization process is bidirectional. Parental negative emotionality and negative reactions to children's emotions are linked to children's negative emotionality and low social competence. The literature is correlational, but initial support exists for the impact of parental socialization on children's emotional and social development. The socialization of emotion is a complex process influenced by child, parental, and cultural factors. Parental reactions to children's emotions can directly affect children's emotional responses, while discussions and expressions of emotion also play a role. The article highlights the importance of emotional competence, defined as understanding emotions, appropriate expression, and regulation. Social competence, closely linked to emotional competence, is also an outcome of parental socialization efforts. The article discusses various moderators of these effects, including the child's emotional state, parental emotion, and contextual factors. Parental socialization practices can influence children's emotional and social development, with negative reactions potentially leading to increased physiological arousal and negative outcomes. The article emphasizes the importance of considering age-appropriate socialization practices and the broader context of parenting styles. Overall, the research suggests that parental socialization of emotion has a significant impact on children's emotional and social competence, with the potential for both positive and negative outcomes depending on the specific practices and contexts.