this book, published as part of routledge's studies in human geography, offers a comprehensive overview of participatory action research (par) and its applications. it is useful beyond the field of human geography, providing a timely review of par as a research methodology. the book is divided into three sections, beginning and ending with 'reflections,' which frame the 'action' section. the collection presents current status of par, along with examples of its application. the papers build on the work of Cooke and kothari, encouraging a fresh perspective on par. the book addresses the ideological concepts behind participatory research, adding reflection and experience to outline a tangible method that can be described and evaluated. it documents the shift from a focus on scientific outcomes to one that includes research process as part of outcomes. the authors provide an overview of par methods, tracing their origins. the book includes various schools of par and their theoretical sources, offering a helpful review for practitioners and an introduction for newcomers. the second chapter reminds practitioners of the unexpected and often invisible results of research, including power differentials and hierarchies. the concept of empowerment is discussed, emphasizing the need for reflection and mindfulness in research projects. the book also highlights the importance of theory in par, which has often been considered a-theoretical. the inclusion of participants' voices presents challenges for academic ethics boards. the second section focuses on action, featuring case studies with diverse participants. the third section emphasizes that par is a learning process for all participants, particularly researchers. the authors stress the importance of representing and communicating par, advising researchers to check with participants regarding language and potential stereotyping. the papers contribute to an understanding of par theory and practice, making this a useful textbook and tool for experienced researchers.this book, published as part of routledge's studies in human geography, offers a comprehensive overview of participatory action research (par) and its applications. it is useful beyond the field of human geography, providing a timely review of par as a research methodology. the book is divided into three sections, beginning and ending with 'reflections,' which frame the 'action' section. the collection presents current status of par, along with examples of its application. the papers build on the work of Cooke and kothari, encouraging a fresh perspective on par. the book addresses the ideological concepts behind participatory research, adding reflection and experience to outline a tangible method that can be described and evaluated. it documents the shift from a focus on scientific outcomes to one that includes research process as part of outcomes. the authors provide an overview of par methods, tracing their origins. the book includes various schools of par and their theoretical sources, offering a helpful review for practitioners and an introduction for newcomers. the second chapter reminds practitioners of the unexpected and often invisible results of research, including power differentials and hierarchies. the concept of empowerment is discussed, emphasizing the need for reflection and mindfulness in research projects. the book also highlights the importance of theory in par, which has often been considered a-theoretical. the inclusion of participants' voices presents challenges for academic ethics boards. the second section focuses on action, featuring case studies with diverse participants. the third section emphasizes that par is a learning process for all participants, particularly researchers. the authors stress the importance of representing and communicating par, advising researchers to check with participants regarding language and potential stereotyping. the papers contribute to an understanding of par theory and practice, making this a useful textbook and tool for experienced researchers.