Taxonomy of PD Practices: A Brief Practitioner’s Guide

Taxonomy of PD Practices: A Brief Practitioner’s Guide

June 1993 | Michael J. Muller, Daniel M. Wildman, Ellen A. White
The chapter discusses the field of Participatory Design (PD), which involves working directly with users and stakeholders to design social systems, including computer systems that are part of human work. PD challenges major assumptions about technology in various settings, such as workplaces, communities, and homes, and questions whether technology can be applied in ways that constrain, devalue, and deskill human work. The roots of PD can be traced back to Europe, particularly in Scandinavian workplace democracy movements and England, where strong labor unions and socio-technical approaches emphasized the social dimension of work. The chapter highlights the rapid growth of PD, noting the increasing diversity in practices, theoretical development, practitioners, and geographical and institutional settings. It addresses two main issues: the need for guidance for practitioners to find appropriate techniques and the misconception that PD is only feasible in specific legal environments or research settings. To address these issues, the authors provide a taxonomy of PD practices, organized into a visual space with dimensions of time during the development life cycle, participation levels, and appropriate group sizes. The taxonomy aims to show the successful transfer of PD practices from their Scandinavian roots to diverse domains, including non-Scandinavian and non-research applications. The chapter also discusses the contributions of various authors and conferences, emphasizing the complexity of design, development, ethics, and politics in participatory practices. It encourages readers to explore commonalities among the articles and their own practices, ethics, and actions.The chapter discusses the field of Participatory Design (PD), which involves working directly with users and stakeholders to design social systems, including computer systems that are part of human work. PD challenges major assumptions about technology in various settings, such as workplaces, communities, and homes, and questions whether technology can be applied in ways that constrain, devalue, and deskill human work. The roots of PD can be traced back to Europe, particularly in Scandinavian workplace democracy movements and England, where strong labor unions and socio-technical approaches emphasized the social dimension of work. The chapter highlights the rapid growth of PD, noting the increasing diversity in practices, theoretical development, practitioners, and geographical and institutional settings. It addresses two main issues: the need for guidance for practitioners to find appropriate techniques and the misconception that PD is only feasible in specific legal environments or research settings. To address these issues, the authors provide a taxonomy of PD practices, organized into a visual space with dimensions of time during the development life cycle, participation levels, and appropriate group sizes. The taxonomy aims to show the successful transfer of PD practices from their Scandinavian roots to diverse domains, including non-Scandinavian and non-research applications. The chapter also discusses the contributions of various authors and conferences, emphasizing the complexity of design, development, ethics, and politics in participatory practices. It encourages readers to explore commonalities among the articles and their own practices, ethics, and actions.
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[slides and audio] Participatory design