Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cognitive impairment with limited therapeutic options. Despite past failures in developing effective treatments, recent advances in passive immunotherapy have shown promise. This review evaluates the characteristics, clinical trial data, and mechanisms of action for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting key players in AD pathogenesis, including amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and neuroinflammation modulators. The efficacy of lecanemab and donanemab in phase III clinical trials for cognition and amyloid clearance is highlighted, along with factors influencing the efficacy and side effects of anti-Aβ mAbs. The potential of mAbs targeting tau or inflammatory regulators is also discussed, noting that mAbs against the mid-region of tau show therapeutic potential. Overall, passive immunotherapy targeting key players in AD pathogenesis offers a promising strategy for effective AD treatment.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cognitive impairment with limited therapeutic options. Despite past failures in developing effective treatments, recent advances in passive immunotherapy have shown promise. This review evaluates the characteristics, clinical trial data, and mechanisms of action for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting key players in AD pathogenesis, including amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and neuroinflammation modulators. The efficacy of lecanemab and donanemab in phase III clinical trials for cognition and amyloid clearance is highlighted, along with factors influencing the efficacy and side effects of anti-Aβ mAbs. The potential of mAbs targeting tau or inflammatory regulators is also discussed, noting that mAbs against the mid-region of tau show therapeutic potential. Overall, passive immunotherapy targeting key players in AD pathogenesis offers a promising strategy for effective AD treatment.