This systematic review of qualitative research examines the factors influencing patient adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment. The study, conducted by Salla A. Munro and colleagues, aimed to understand the perspectives of patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers on adherence to preventive or curative TB treatment. The review included 44 studies from various regions, focusing on the organization of treatment and care, interpretations of illness and wellness, financial burden, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about treatment, law and immigration, personal characteristics, side effects, and family, community, and household support. Key findings include: - **Organisation of Treatment and Care**: Distance to healthcare facilities, accessibility, and provider follow-up significantly impact adherence. - **Interpretations of Illness and Wellness**: Patients often stop treatment when they feel better or symptoms abate, influenced by their understanding of TB and recovery. - **Financial Burden**: Economic constraints, including hidden costs and work-related issues, are major barriers to adherence. - **Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs**: Patients' understanding of treatment duration and efficacy, as well as their beliefs about treatment, affect adherence. - **Law and Immigration**: Legal and immigration requirements, particularly for injecting drug users and homeless individuals, influence adherence. - **Personal Characteristics**: Individual characteristics such as substance abuse, mental illness, and age can affect adherence. - **Side Effects**: Real or perceived side effects can lead to treatment interruption. - **Family, Community, and Household Influences**: Social support and stigma from family and friends are crucial in maintaining adherence. The review concludes that adherence to TB treatment is a complex phenomenon influenced by structural, personal, and health service factors, as well as social context. Interventions should address these multifaceted barriers to improve adherence rates.This systematic review of qualitative research examines the factors influencing patient adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment. The study, conducted by Salla A. Munro and colleagues, aimed to understand the perspectives of patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers on adherence to preventive or curative TB treatment. The review included 44 studies from various regions, focusing on the organization of treatment and care, interpretations of illness and wellness, financial burden, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about treatment, law and immigration, personal characteristics, side effects, and family, community, and household support. Key findings include: - **Organisation of Treatment and Care**: Distance to healthcare facilities, accessibility, and provider follow-up significantly impact adherence. - **Interpretations of Illness and Wellness**: Patients often stop treatment when they feel better or symptoms abate, influenced by their understanding of TB and recovery. - **Financial Burden**: Economic constraints, including hidden costs and work-related issues, are major barriers to adherence. - **Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs**: Patients' understanding of treatment duration and efficacy, as well as their beliefs about treatment, affect adherence. - **Law and Immigration**: Legal and immigration requirements, particularly for injecting drug users and homeless individuals, influence adherence. - **Personal Characteristics**: Individual characteristics such as substance abuse, mental illness, and age can affect adherence. - **Side Effects**: Real or perceived side effects can lead to treatment interruption. - **Family, Community, and Household Influences**: Social support and stigma from family and friends are crucial in maintaining adherence. The review concludes that adherence to TB treatment is a complex phenomenon influenced by structural, personal, and health service factors, as well as social context. Interventions should address these multifaceted barriers to improve adherence rates.