This article critically reviews the literature on peer modeling among children, focusing on the effects of various model attributes such as age, sex, competence, number of models, and background experiences. Peer modeling is hypothesized to depend on perceived similarity between the model and the observer, which serves as a source of information for gauging behavioral appropriateness, formulating outcome expectations, and assessing self-efficacy. The review discusses the conditions under which similarity promotes behavioral change and suggests that future research should assess children's self-perceptions, maintenance, and generalization of behavioral changes. The article also highlights the potential of classroom peers to help train social skills, enhance self-efficacy, and address skill deficiencies. Key findings include the importance of model-observer similarity in age, competence, and sex, and the need for further research to understand the mechanisms underlying these effects. Educational implications are discussed, emphasizing the potential benefits of peer models in enhancing learning and social skills.This article critically reviews the literature on peer modeling among children, focusing on the effects of various model attributes such as age, sex, competence, number of models, and background experiences. Peer modeling is hypothesized to depend on perceived similarity between the model and the observer, which serves as a source of information for gauging behavioral appropriateness, formulating outcome expectations, and assessing self-efficacy. The review discusses the conditions under which similarity promotes behavioral change and suggests that future research should assess children's self-perceptions, maintenance, and generalization of behavioral changes. The article also highlights the potential of classroom peers to help train social skills, enhance self-efficacy, and address skill deficiencies. Key findings include the importance of model-observer similarity in age, competence, and sex, and the need for further research to understand the mechanisms underlying these effects. Educational implications are discussed, emphasizing the potential benefits of peer models in enhancing learning and social skills.