This review article focuses on the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to eliminate penicillin, a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, from aqueous environments. The presence of antibiotics, particularly penicillin, in water sources poses significant challenges due to their slow decomposition and potential harm to human health and the environment. Conventional purification methods are often inefficient in removing antibiotics, leading researchers to explore various advanced techniques. The review highlights the effectiveness of AOPs, which use hydroxyl radicals to oxidize and mineralize organic pollutants. Studies have shown promising results with an average efficiency of over 80% for these processes. The article also discusses the use of Fenton reactions, ultrasound methods, and integrated processes like Synergistic Remediation-Advanced Oxidation Processes (Synergistic-ROAOP) to enhance the removal of penicillin. The introduction provides background on the sources and toxicity of penicillin, emphasizing its widespread use and the need for effective treatment methods. The review aims to identify the influential factors, advantages, and disadvantages of each method, as well as the challenges and future perspectives in the field of penicillin removal using AOPs.This review article focuses on the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to eliminate penicillin, a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, from aqueous environments. The presence of antibiotics, particularly penicillin, in water sources poses significant challenges due to their slow decomposition and potential harm to human health and the environment. Conventional purification methods are often inefficient in removing antibiotics, leading researchers to explore various advanced techniques. The review highlights the effectiveness of AOPs, which use hydroxyl radicals to oxidize and mineralize organic pollutants. Studies have shown promising results with an average efficiency of over 80% for these processes. The article also discusses the use of Fenton reactions, ultrasound methods, and integrated processes like Synergistic Remediation-Advanced Oxidation Processes (Synergistic-ROAOP) to enhance the removal of penicillin. The introduction provides background on the sources and toxicity of penicillin, emphasizing its widespread use and the need for effective treatment methods. The review aims to identify the influential factors, advantages, and disadvantages of each method, as well as the challenges and future perspectives in the field of penicillin removal using AOPs.