Pentoxifylline (oxpentifylline) is an orally active hemorheological agent used to treat peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other conditions involving defective regional microcirculation. It primarily works by increasing red blood cell deformability, reducing blood viscosity, and decreasing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. Extensive studies have shown that 600 to 1200 mg/day for at least 6 weeks can improve walking distance, lower limb rest pain, paraesthesia, muscle blood flow, cramps, and leg ulcers in peripheral vascular disease patients. In cerebrovascular disorders, pentoxifylline has shown significant clinical improvements in about 85% of patients, particularly in rehabilitation, neuromotor, and speech deficits. It is also being explored for potential benefits in sickle cell disease, hearing disorders, eye circulation disorders, high-altitude sickness, and asthenozoospermia. Pentoxifylline is generally well-tolerated, with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most common side effects.Pentoxifylline (oxpentifylline) is an orally active hemorheological agent used to treat peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other conditions involving defective regional microcirculation. It primarily works by increasing red blood cell deformability, reducing blood viscosity, and decreasing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. Extensive studies have shown that 600 to 1200 mg/day for at least 6 weeks can improve walking distance, lower limb rest pain, paraesthesia, muscle blood flow, cramps, and leg ulcers in peripheral vascular disease patients. In cerebrovascular disorders, pentoxifylline has shown significant clinical improvements in about 85% of patients, particularly in rehabilitation, neuromotor, and speech deficits. It is also being explored for potential benefits in sickle cell disease, hearing disorders, eye circulation disorders, high-altitude sickness, and asthenozoospermia. Pentoxifylline is generally well-tolerated, with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most common side effects.