The article "Peptide Nanozymes: An Emerging Direction for Functional Enzyme Mimics" by Shaobin He et al. explores the potential of peptide nanozymes (PepNzymes) in various biomedical applications. PepNzymes are peptides that exhibit enzyme-like activities, either as single peptides, peptide-based nanostructures, or peptide-based nanozymes. These PepNzymes combine the structural flexibility and catalytic functionality of peptides with the stability and catalytic efficiency of enzymes, making them promising tools for diagnostics, cellular imaging, antimicrobial therapy, tissue engineering, and anti-tumor treatments. The authors highlight the importance of rational design, synthesis, and characterization techniques in developing PepNzymes. They discuss strategies such as mimicking enzyme structures, structural self-assembly, and incorporating metal cofactors to enhance the catalytic activity and specificity of PepNzymes. Techniques like solid-phase peptide synthesis, solution-phase peptide synthesis, and post-synthetic modifications are used to create PepNzymes with tailored properties. PepNzymes exhibit a wide range of enzyme-like activities, including peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and hydrolase activities. These activities are crucial for their applications in analysis, diagnostics, and cellular imaging. For example, PepNzymes can be used to detect specific biomarkers, label cells, and monitor biological processes at the molecular level. In addition to enzyme-like activities, PepNzymes also possess biomolecular recognition capabilities, self-assembly properties, and stimuli-responsive behavior. These features make them suitable for applications in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and immunotherapy. PepNzymes can be engineered to target specific cells or tissues, enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. The article also discusses the biomedical applications of PepNzymes, including their use in antibacterial and antifungal treatments, tissue engineering, and anti-tumor strategies. For instance, PepNzymes can be used to combat bacterial infections by disrupting cell membranes and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). In tissue engineering, PepNzymes can support cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, promoting tissue regeneration. In anti-tumor therapy, PepNzymes can enhance the targeting specificity and efficacy of cancer treatments. Despite the promising potential of PepNzymes, challenges remain in their structural design, fabrication, and multi-functional integration. Overcoming these challenges will further expand the applications of PepNzymes in biomedical fields, leading to significant advancements in healthcare and biotechnology.The article "Peptide Nanozymes: An Emerging Direction for Functional Enzyme Mimics" by Shaobin He et al. explores the potential of peptide nanozymes (PepNzymes) in various biomedical applications. PepNzymes are peptides that exhibit enzyme-like activities, either as single peptides, peptide-based nanostructures, or peptide-based nanozymes. These PepNzymes combine the structural flexibility and catalytic functionality of peptides with the stability and catalytic efficiency of enzymes, making them promising tools for diagnostics, cellular imaging, antimicrobial therapy, tissue engineering, and anti-tumor treatments. The authors highlight the importance of rational design, synthesis, and characterization techniques in developing PepNzymes. They discuss strategies such as mimicking enzyme structures, structural self-assembly, and incorporating metal cofactors to enhance the catalytic activity and specificity of PepNzymes. Techniques like solid-phase peptide synthesis, solution-phase peptide synthesis, and post-synthetic modifications are used to create PepNzymes with tailored properties. PepNzymes exhibit a wide range of enzyme-like activities, including peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and hydrolase activities. These activities are crucial for their applications in analysis, diagnostics, and cellular imaging. For example, PepNzymes can be used to detect specific biomarkers, label cells, and monitor biological processes at the molecular level. In addition to enzyme-like activities, PepNzymes also possess biomolecular recognition capabilities, self-assembly properties, and stimuli-responsive behavior. These features make them suitable for applications in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and immunotherapy. PepNzymes can be engineered to target specific cells or tissues, enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. The article also discusses the biomedical applications of PepNzymes, including their use in antibacterial and antifungal treatments, tissue engineering, and anti-tumor strategies. For instance, PepNzymes can be used to combat bacterial infections by disrupting cell membranes and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). In tissue engineering, PepNzymes can support cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, promoting tissue regeneration. In anti-tumor therapy, PepNzymes can enhance the targeting specificity and efficacy of cancer treatments. Despite the promising potential of PepNzymes, challenges remain in their structural design, fabrication, and multi-functional integration. Overcoming these challenges will further expand the applications of PepNzymes in biomedical fields, leading to significant advancements in healthcare and biotechnology.