This study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.0 on ophthalmology-related questions across different examination levels. The researchers analyzed questions from the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) steps 1, 2, and 3, as well as the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) and the Board of Ophthalmology (OB) Written Qualifying Examination (WQE). The results showed that ChatGPT-4.0 performed better than ChatGPT-3.5 in most cases, with a total correct answer rate of 70% for ChatGPT-4.0 compared to 55% for ChatGPT-3.5. However, ChatGPT-4.0 performed worse on USMLE step 1 and the OB-WQE. The correlation between ChatGPT's correct answers and human responses was higher for ChatGPT-4.0 (-0.31) than for ChatGPT-3.5 (0.21). Both models performed better on certain topics, such as corneal diseases, pediatrics, retina, ocular oncology, and neuro-ophthalmology, but worse on others, such as lens and cataract. The study found that ChatGPT-4.0 performed better on basic knowledge questions than ChatGPT-3.5. However, ChatGPT-3.5 performed poorly on more advanced examinations. The study concludes that ChatGPT is not yet a reliable tool for medical education, and further research is needed to improve its accuracy and reliability. The study also highlights the need for more research to assess the performance of ChatGPT on a larger scale and to determine its effectiveness in medical education.This study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.0 on ophthalmology-related questions across different examination levels. The researchers analyzed questions from the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) steps 1, 2, and 3, as well as the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) and the Board of Ophthalmology (OB) Written Qualifying Examination (WQE). The results showed that ChatGPT-4.0 performed better than ChatGPT-3.5 in most cases, with a total correct answer rate of 70% for ChatGPT-4.0 compared to 55% for ChatGPT-3.5. However, ChatGPT-4.0 performed worse on USMLE step 1 and the OB-WQE. The correlation between ChatGPT's correct answers and human responses was higher for ChatGPT-4.0 (-0.31) than for ChatGPT-3.5 (0.21). Both models performed better on certain topics, such as corneal diseases, pediatrics, retina, ocular oncology, and neuro-ophthalmology, but worse on others, such as lens and cataract. The study found that ChatGPT-4.0 performed better on basic knowledge questions than ChatGPT-3.5. However, ChatGPT-3.5 performed poorly on more advanced examinations. The study concludes that ChatGPT is not yet a reliable tool for medical education, and further research is needed to improve its accuracy and reliability. The study also highlights the need for more research to assess the performance of ChatGPT on a larger scale and to determine its effectiveness in medical education.