Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are inflammatory conditions affecting dental implants. Peri-implant mucositis is characterized by inflammation (bleeding on probing) without bone loss, while peri-implantitis involves inflammation and progressive bone loss. Early detection and treatment are crucial for successful implant outcomes. Peri-implant probing is essential for diagnosis and should be performed at each recall visit. Clinicians must recognize the clinical and radiological features of both conditions to make accurate diagnoses and determine appropriate treatments. Peri-implant mucositis is considered a precursor to peri-implantitis and a risk factor for its development. Experimental studies show that peri-implant mucositis can be reversible with biofilm removal, but complete resolution may be challenging. Peri-implantitis is a more severe condition with larger inflammatory infiltrates and greater bone loss. Radiographs are important for diagnosing both conditions, with peri-implantitis showing progressive bone loss. The presence of bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depths ≥6 mm, and marginal bone levels ≥3 mm apical to the implant are key diagnostic criteria. Peri-implant probing with light force (≈0.2 N) is essential for assessing health status. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent disease progression and ensure long-term implant success.Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are inflammatory conditions affecting dental implants. Peri-implant mucositis is characterized by inflammation (bleeding on probing) without bone loss, while peri-implantitis involves inflammation and progressive bone loss. Early detection and treatment are crucial for successful implant outcomes. Peri-implant probing is essential for diagnosis and should be performed at each recall visit. Clinicians must recognize the clinical and radiological features of both conditions to make accurate diagnoses and determine appropriate treatments. Peri-implant mucositis is considered a precursor to peri-implantitis and a risk factor for its development. Experimental studies show that peri-implant mucositis can be reversible with biofilm removal, but complete resolution may be challenging. Peri-implantitis is a more severe condition with larger inflammatory infiltrates and greater bone loss. Radiographs are important for diagnosing both conditions, with peri-implantitis showing progressive bone loss. The presence of bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depths ≥6 mm, and marginal bone levels ≥3 mm apical to the implant are key diagnostic criteria. Peri-implant probing with light force (≈0.2 N) is essential for assessing health status. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent disease progression and ensure long-term implant success.