This review focuses on the intellectual design strategies for perovskite oxides to enhance their performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Perovskite oxides, with their high catalytic activity, stability, and cost-effectiveness, have gained significant attention due to their potential in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. The review covers various aspects, including synthetic modulation, doping, surface engineering, structure mutation, and hybrid materials, providing a comprehensive understanding of how these strategies influence the OER performance. 1. **Synthetic Modulation**: Different synthesis methods, such as solid-state reaction, solution combustion, sol-gel, Pechini, co-precipitation, hydrothermal/solvothermal, and molten salt methods, can significantly affect the properties of perovskite oxides, including particle size, morphology, and crystallinity, which in turn influence their OER performance. 2. **Doping**: Cation and anion doping can tune the electronic structure, introduce oxygen vacancies, and modify the crystal structure, all of which enhance the OER performance. For example, doping with elements like Sr, Ba, and Se can improve the electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. 3. **Surface Engineering**: Techniques such as size tuning, morphology control, amorphization, and surface modification can enhance the OER performance by increasing the specific surface area, improving mass transfer rates, and exposing more active sites. Specific nanostructures, such as nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanospheres, can further optimize the OER performance by facilitating charge and reactant transfer. 4. **Structure Mutation**: Introducing structural distortions, such as through cation substitution or anion replacement, can create oxygen vacancies and alter the electronic structure, leading to improved OER performance. 5. **Hybrids**: Combining perovskite oxides with other materials can create synergistic effects, enhancing the OER performance by improving the catalytic activity, stability, and overall efficiency. The review also discusses the underlying mechanisms of OER, including the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM), and provides theoretical insights through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between design strategies, physicochemical properties, and OER performance to develop advanced perovskite oxides for efficient and stable OER applications.This review focuses on the intellectual design strategies for perovskite oxides to enhance their performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Perovskite oxides, with their high catalytic activity, stability, and cost-effectiveness, have gained significant attention due to their potential in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. The review covers various aspects, including synthetic modulation, doping, surface engineering, structure mutation, and hybrid materials, providing a comprehensive understanding of how these strategies influence the OER performance. 1. **Synthetic Modulation**: Different synthesis methods, such as solid-state reaction, solution combustion, sol-gel, Pechini, co-precipitation, hydrothermal/solvothermal, and molten salt methods, can significantly affect the properties of perovskite oxides, including particle size, morphology, and crystallinity, which in turn influence their OER performance. 2. **Doping**: Cation and anion doping can tune the electronic structure, introduce oxygen vacancies, and modify the crystal structure, all of which enhance the OER performance. For example, doping with elements like Sr, Ba, and Se can improve the electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. 3. **Surface Engineering**: Techniques such as size tuning, morphology control, amorphization, and surface modification can enhance the OER performance by increasing the specific surface area, improving mass transfer rates, and exposing more active sites. Specific nanostructures, such as nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanospheres, can further optimize the OER performance by facilitating charge and reactant transfer. 4. **Structure Mutation**: Introducing structural distortions, such as through cation substitution or anion replacement, can create oxygen vacancies and alter the electronic structure, leading to improved OER performance. 5. **Hybrids**: Combining perovskite oxides with other materials can create synergistic effects, enhancing the OER performance by improving the catalytic activity, stability, and overall efficiency. The review also discusses the underlying mechanisms of OER, including the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM), and provides theoretical insights through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between design strategies, physicochemical properties, and OER performance to develop advanced perovskite oxides for efficient and stable OER applications.