The article discusses three fundamental types of qualitative research: document study, case study, and ethnography. Each type is characterized by its unique approach and适用范围: 1. **Document Study**: This involves the analysis of documents, which can include written materials, graphics, images, photographs, and films. The researcher selects relevant documents based on specific purposes, ideas, or hypotheses. The analysis of content is a key technique used to interpret the data, often involving a systematic and objective description of the content. The process includes three stages: pre-analysis, exploration of materials, and treatment of results. 2. **Case Study**: This type of research focuses on a specific unit, such as an individual, organization, or situation, in-depth analysis. It aims to provide a detailed examination of the context and dynamics of the subject. The researcher uses various data collection methods, including observation and interviews, to gather information. The case study is particularly useful for understanding complex, real-world phenomena and can involve both quantitative and qualitative data. 3. **Ethnography**: Ethnography is the study of a culture or group, focusing on the description and interpretation of events within the group's life. The researcher engages in an intensive and prolonged fieldwork to understand the cultural meanings and behaviors of the group. The process involves selecting a problem or topic, developing a conceptual model, and collecting data through participant observation. The analysis of data is an ongoing process that helps refine questions and develop theoretical explanations. The article emphasizes the importance of each type of research in understanding human phenomena and social interactions, providing a comprehensive overview of their methodologies and applications in the field of business administration.The article discusses three fundamental types of qualitative research: document study, case study, and ethnography. Each type is characterized by its unique approach and适用范围: 1. **Document Study**: This involves the analysis of documents, which can include written materials, graphics, images, photographs, and films. The researcher selects relevant documents based on specific purposes, ideas, or hypotheses. The analysis of content is a key technique used to interpret the data, often involving a systematic and objective description of the content. The process includes three stages: pre-analysis, exploration of materials, and treatment of results. 2. **Case Study**: This type of research focuses on a specific unit, such as an individual, organization, or situation, in-depth analysis. It aims to provide a detailed examination of the context and dynamics of the subject. The researcher uses various data collection methods, including observation and interviews, to gather information. The case study is particularly useful for understanding complex, real-world phenomena and can involve both quantitative and qualitative data. 3. **Ethnography**: Ethnography is the study of a culture or group, focusing on the description and interpretation of events within the group's life. The researcher engages in an intensive and prolonged fieldwork to understand the cultural meanings and behaviors of the group. The process involves selecting a problem or topic, developing a conceptual model, and collecting data through participant observation. The analysis of data is an ongoing process that helps refine questions and develop theoretical explanations. The article emphasizes the importance of each type of research in understanding human phenomena and social interactions, providing a comprehensive overview of their methodologies and applications in the field of business administration.