Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to control pests, diseases, and weeds, aiming to reduce yield losses and maintain product quality. Despite strict regulations, concerns remain about health risks from occupational exposure and pesticide residues in food and water. Pesticide exposure occurs in agricultural workers, pesticide industry workers, and exterminators, as well as through food and water contamination. Environmental impacts include water, soil, and air contamination, affecting non-target organisms. Risk assessment of pesticides is complex due to varying exposure levels, pesticide types, and environmental factors. New tools are needed to improve risk assessment accuracy. Alternative cropping systems, safer pesticides, and improved formulations can reduce adverse effects. Proper pesticide handling and equipment use minimize exposure. Pesticide registration involves assessing safety and environmental impact, with re-registration processes ensuring compliance with current standards. Human exposure varies by occupation and environment, with non-occupational exposure through food and water. Pesticide toxicity is assessed through various tests, with classifications based on health and environmental risks. Many pesticides are classified as carcinogenic, endocrine disruptors, or toxic. Environmental impacts depend on pesticide properties, soil conditions, and weather. Risk assessment tools like PEC and TER help evaluate environmental risks. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and alternative crop systems aim to reduce pesticide use and environmental impact. New pesticides and safer application methods are essential for sustainable agriculture. Overall, reducing pesticide risks requires improved regulations, safer products, and better practices to protect human health and the environment.Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to control pests, diseases, and weeds, aiming to reduce yield losses and maintain product quality. Despite strict regulations, concerns remain about health risks from occupational exposure and pesticide residues in food and water. Pesticide exposure occurs in agricultural workers, pesticide industry workers, and exterminators, as well as through food and water contamination. Environmental impacts include water, soil, and air contamination, affecting non-target organisms. Risk assessment of pesticides is complex due to varying exposure levels, pesticide types, and environmental factors. New tools are needed to improve risk assessment accuracy. Alternative cropping systems, safer pesticides, and improved formulations can reduce adverse effects. Proper pesticide handling and equipment use minimize exposure. Pesticide registration involves assessing safety and environmental impact, with re-registration processes ensuring compliance with current standards. Human exposure varies by occupation and environment, with non-occupational exposure through food and water. Pesticide toxicity is assessed through various tests, with classifications based on health and environmental risks. Many pesticides are classified as carcinogenic, endocrine disruptors, or toxic. Environmental impacts depend on pesticide properties, soil conditions, and weather. Risk assessment tools like PEC and TER help evaluate environmental risks. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and alternative crop systems aim to reduce pesticide use and environmental impact. New pesticides and safer application methods are essential for sustainable agriculture. Overall, reducing pesticide risks requires improved regulations, safer products, and better practices to protect human health and the environment.