Schiff bases, formed by the condensation reaction between primary amines and aldehydes or ketones, are a diverse group of organic compounds with significant pharmaceutical importance due to their carbon-nitrogen double bonds. These compounds exhibit a range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The review highlights recent advances in the synthesis and biological evaluation of Schiff bases, emphasizing their potential in drug development. Key synthetic schemes are provided to enhance understanding of the synthesis mechanisms. The review also discusses the structural modifications that improve the biological activities of Schiff bases, particularly in the context of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral applications. Additionally, the review explores the use of Schiff bases in metal complexes, their catalytic properties, and their applications in corrosion inhibition. The findings suggest that Schiff bases have broad therapeutic potential and are valuable tools for the development of novel pharmaceuticals.Schiff bases, formed by the condensation reaction between primary amines and aldehydes or ketones, are a diverse group of organic compounds with significant pharmaceutical importance due to their carbon-nitrogen double bonds. These compounds exhibit a range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The review highlights recent advances in the synthesis and biological evaluation of Schiff bases, emphasizing their potential in drug development. Key synthetic schemes are provided to enhance understanding of the synthesis mechanisms. The review also discusses the structural modifications that improve the biological activities of Schiff bases, particularly in the context of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral applications. Additionally, the review explores the use of Schiff bases in metal complexes, their catalytic properties, and their applications in corrosion inhibition. The findings suggest that Schiff bases have broad therapeutic potential and are valuable tools for the development of novel pharmaceuticals.