The article reviews the therapeutic potential of phenolic compounds in neurodegenerative diseases, which are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades due to an aging population. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and inflammation. Phenolic compounds, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, have shown promise in mitigating these pathologies. The review covers the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases, the classification and bioavailability of phenolic compounds, and their molecular mechanisms of action. In vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, demonstrate that phenolic compounds can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit protein aggregation, and modulate signaling pathways involved in neuronal survival and death. The article also discusses the challenges and future directions in the development of phenolic compounds as therapeutic agents, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize their efficacy and safety.The article reviews the therapeutic potential of phenolic compounds in neurodegenerative diseases, which are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades due to an aging population. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and inflammation. Phenolic compounds, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, have shown promise in mitigating these pathologies. The review covers the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases, the classification and bioavailability of phenolic compounds, and their molecular mechanisms of action. In vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, demonstrate that phenolic compounds can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit protein aggregation, and modulate signaling pathways involved in neuronal survival and death. The article also discusses the challenges and future directions in the development of phenolic compounds as therapeutic agents, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize their efficacy and safety.