Phenomenological emergent dark energy in the light of DESI Data Release 1

Phenomenological emergent dark energy in the light of DESI Data Release 1

12 Jul 2024 | A. Hernández-Almada, M. L. Mendoza-Martínez, Miguel A. García-Aspeitia, and V. Motta
This paper revisits the phenomenological emergent dark energy (PEDE) model using recent cosmological data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopy Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1 and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The study analyzes the PEDE model using baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, cosmic chronometers, supernovae type Ia (Pantheon+), quasars, hydrogen II galaxies, and cosmic background radiation distance priors. A Bayesian analysis based on Monte Carlo Markov Chain is performed to constrain the model parameters. The results show consistent constraints when SDSS and DESI data are considered. However, the Hubble constant is found to be higher than the SH0ES value, although it remains in agreement within 1σ confidence level when BAO measurements are added. The PEDE model predicts a younger Universe by about 3% compared to the standard cosmology. The deceleration parameter today is found to be q₀ = -0.771 ± 0.007, and the deceleration-acceleration transition redshift is z_T = 0.764 ± 0.011. The PEDE model has the same free parameters as the ΛCDM model, but the cause of the Universe's acceleration is a function with a hyperbolic tangent behavior. The model is tested against various datasets, including CMB distance priors, cosmic chronometers, SNIa, QSO, HIIG, and BAO data. The results show that the PEDE model can alleviate the Hubble tension without adding more free parameters than those in ΛCDM. The effective equation of state (EoS) for PEDE behaves as a quintessence fluid in the past and a phantom fluid in the future. The PEDE model predicts an earlier transition from deceleration to acceleration than the standard cosmology. The study also compares the PEDE model with the ΛCDM model using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), finding that ΛCDM is preferred for most datasets. The results suggest that the PEDE model is a viable alternative to the ΛCDM model for explaining the observed Universe acceleration.This paper revisits the phenomenological emergent dark energy (PEDE) model using recent cosmological data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopy Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1 and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The study analyzes the PEDE model using baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, cosmic chronometers, supernovae type Ia (Pantheon+), quasars, hydrogen II galaxies, and cosmic background radiation distance priors. A Bayesian analysis based on Monte Carlo Markov Chain is performed to constrain the model parameters. The results show consistent constraints when SDSS and DESI data are considered. However, the Hubble constant is found to be higher than the SH0ES value, although it remains in agreement within 1σ confidence level when BAO measurements are added. The PEDE model predicts a younger Universe by about 3% compared to the standard cosmology. The deceleration parameter today is found to be q₀ = -0.771 ± 0.007, and the deceleration-acceleration transition redshift is z_T = 0.764 ± 0.011. The PEDE model has the same free parameters as the ΛCDM model, but the cause of the Universe's acceleration is a function with a hyperbolic tangent behavior. The model is tested against various datasets, including CMB distance priors, cosmic chronometers, SNIa, QSO, HIIG, and BAO data. The results show that the PEDE model can alleviate the Hubble tension without adding more free parameters than those in ΛCDM. The effective equation of state (EoS) for PEDE behaves as a quintessence fluid in the past and a phantom fluid in the future. The PEDE model predicts an earlier transition from deceleration to acceleration than the standard cosmology. The study also compares the PEDE model with the ΛCDM model using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), finding that ΛCDM is preferred for most datasets. The results suggest that the PEDE model is a viable alternative to the ΛCDM model for explaining the observed Universe acceleration.
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