The photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) have been extensively studied for their applications in disinfection, particularly in water, air, and surface disinfection. TiO₂ can kill a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, viruses, and bacteriophages. The mechanism of killing involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which degrade the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane, leading to cell lysis and mineralization. Close contact between the microorganisms and TiO₂ is crucial for optimal activity, and the presence of other antimicrobial agents like copper and silver can enhance this effect. The review discusses the mechanisms of ROS production, the importance of contact, and the potential of TiO₂-based materials in controlling the transmission of infectious diseases.The photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) have been extensively studied for their applications in disinfection, particularly in water, air, and surface disinfection. TiO₂ can kill a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, viruses, and bacteriophages. The mechanism of killing involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which degrade the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane, leading to cell lysis and mineralization. Close contact between the microorganisms and TiO₂ is crucial for optimal activity, and the presence of other antimicrobial agents like copper and silver can enhance this effect. The review discusses the mechanisms of ROS production, the importance of contact, and the potential of TiO₂-based materials in controlling the transmission of infectious diseases.